Meteorology of Whitehaven. 63 
About the time of the eclipse, the temperature at Greenwich fell to 
32°, being 15° lower than the minimum at Whitehaven. Between the 
8th and 13th, the mean temperature at Greenwich had declined 16°; 
at Whitehaven it only fell 8° in the same period. The grain harvest 
was completed in this neighbourhood by the 19th. 
The temperature of the quarter ending 30th September, is 0°°79 un- 
der the average of the season, and the evaporation is ;4,th of an inch un- 
der the mean amount. Theaverage depth of rain in the autumn quarter 
is 12:652 inches; this year we have had 10°95 inches, or 1°70 inch be- 
low the ordinary quantity. 
The deaths throughout the Union during the quarter, are 199, being 
13°3, or 7°5 per cent above the corrected average (185°7) of the previous 
nine years. 
In the town, the deaths are 113, being 223, or 25 per cent. above the 
caleulated average number for the quarter, which is 90}. 
The births exceed the deaths in the town by 15, and in the entire 
Union by 107. The deaths throughout England are 809 under the 
corrected quarterly average, and less by 6034 than were registered in 
the corresponding quarter of 1847. 
October.—The temperature is 0°49 under, the fall of rain 0°51 inch 
above, and the evaporation 0°45 in. under the respective averages for the 
month. Between the 4th and the 6th the extremes of temperature 
only varied 3°, and on the 6th the fluctuation was bat 1°8. First 
appearance of ice on the morning of the 18th. The cabbage-butterfly 
was seen on the 6th, and the tortoiseshell variety on the 10th and 12th. 
The swallow was not seen in this neighbourhood after the 15th September. 
November.—The mean temperature, rain, and evaporation, are 1°53, 
1:35 inch, and 0°23 inch respectively, under the monthly averages. 
Snow fell on the evening and night of the 8th, and the ground was 
thinly covered with it throughout the following day. On the 5th, be- 
tween 2 a.m. and 11 a.m., the temperature rose 19°, and the dew-point 
23°: the dew-point had fluctuated no less than 44° in the 48 hours pre- 
ceeding 11 a.m.; having fallen 19° on the 4th, and risen 25° on the 
5th. The temperature had fluctuated 31°°5 in the same period. 
December.—The mean temperature is 1°04, and the rain 0°23 inch 
above, whilst the evaporation is coincident with the monthly average. 
The mean temperature, fall of rain, and amount of evaporation, for the 
last quarter of the year 1848, are all below the averages for the period,— 
the first by 0°.32, the second by 0°60 inch, and the evaporation by 
0°77 inch. 
The deaths throughout the union during this quarter, are 283, being 
84°4, or 43 per cent. nearly; and for the borough they are 124, being 
22-6 in number, or 223 per cent. above the respective calculated averages, 
which are 198-6, and 101°4. 
The births exceed the deaths, in the town by 41, and in the whole 
Union by 33. Whilst the mortality in this neighbourhood was con- 
siderably above, the deaths throughout England during this quarter were 
2571 under the average number in the nine previous years, making an 
allowance of 1°75 per cent. annually for increase of population. 
The total number of deaths in the year 1848, in the borough of 
Whitehaven, is 505; and for the whole Union, comprising 23 districts, 
they are 981, the caleulated average numbers, from 1839-47 inclusive, 
being 381°1, and 823°7, respectively. Consequently, the deaths in the 
