64 J. ¥. Miller, Eisq., on the 
town are 123°9, or 323 per cent., and for the entire Union they are 
157:3, or 19 per cent. nearly above the average number. The absolute 
number of deaths in this borough, during the last 10 years, are as under : 
1839, 313; 1840, 260; 1841, 316; 1842, 303; 1843, 337; 1844, 
309; 1845, 287; 1846, 522; 1847, 534; and 1848, 505: In the 
whole Union, they are as follow: 1839, 753; 1840, 607; 1841, 646; 
1842, 630; 1843, 695; 1844, 657 ; 1845, 664; 1846, 1038: 1847, 
1175; and in 1848, 1174. 
In 1848, the deaths exceed the births, in the town by 30, and in the 
whole Union by 193. The births in 1848 exceed the average number, 
in the town by 100, and in the Union by 270. The average annual 
number of births in the borough and Union are 435 and 904; and the 
numbers in 1848 are 535 and 1174 respectively. By the census of 
1831, the population of this borough was 13,193, and of the suburb of 
Preston quarter, 4,323. By the census of 1841, the population of the 
town was 12,107, and of Preston quarter, 4,525. In consequence of an 
application from the Local Sanitary Board and other parties in 1848, 
to have this town placed under the “ Health of Towns Bill,” and it be- 
ing the general opinion that the population had greatly increased since 
the census of 1841, and, consequently, that the per-centage of deaths 
was considerably augmented by such increase, a staff of upwards of 40 
gentlemen, residents in the town, undertook to take the census anew, 
and, on the 18th December 1848, it was taken accordingly ; the results 
for the town being 14,070, and for the suburb, 4721,—total, 18,791. 
Hence, it appears that the population of this borough has increased by 
1963 persons in the last 7 years, being at the rate of 2°3 per cent. an- 
nually. In the above calculations on the mortality, I have assumed the 
mean population in the 9 years from 1839 to 1847, to be the mean be- 
tween the census of i841 and the census of 1848, say 13,088 persons, 
which is an increase of very nearly ;4th on the population in 1841. 
Hence, to the absolute number of deaths in any quarter, I have added 
8:1 per cent. (which is equivalent to an increase of 2°31 per cent. an- 
nually) to obtain the mean quarterly average, corrected for inerease of 
population. It is presumed that, on these data, the excess or diminution 
of the mortality, over or under the mean quarterly averages, as given 
above, must be very near the truth indeed. ‘The Registrar-General of 
births, deaths, &c., allows 1°75 per cent. annually, for increase in the 
number of deaths consequent on increase of population. Assuming the 
mean population of the borough in the 10 years between 1839 and 1848 
inclusive, to be a mean between the census of 1841 and that of 1848, 
viz., 13,088, the mean annual number of deaths in that period is 368°6, 
being one in every 35:5 persons, or 281 deaths in every thousand persons, 
By adding 4ths of the increase of population, between the years 1841 
and 1848, to the population in the former year, we have a mean of 
13,228 inhabitants for the 7 years from 1839 to 1845, and the mean 
annual number of deaths in that period is 303°5, which gives 1 death 
annually in every 43°5 persons, or 22'S deaths per 1000. Assuming 
the mean population in the 3 years between 1846-48, to be 13,649, 
(the mean of 13,228, and 14,070), the mean annual number of deaths is 
520 8, being 1 in every 26:2 persons, or 38°] deaths per 1000 in- 
habitants in those three unhealthy years. 
