278 Description of two additional Crania of the 
is protruded. The inner cusps of this tooth are worn nearly 
to the base ; the outer are but slightly abraded, and the same 
is the case with the inner cusps of the second molar; with 
these exceptions, the points of the different crowns of the 
molars and premolars are entire. 
In comparing their grinding surface with that of the human 
jaw, one cannot but be struck with its greater extent, with 
the much greater development of the outer row of cusps, and 
the high ridge which, on all three of the molars, connects the 
outer row of cusps with the anterior inner cusp. In these 
respects, as well as in having the third molar, or the ‘“* dentes 
Sapientiz’’ of equal size with the others, the Engé-ena re- 
cedes from the Chimpanzée, and still farther from Man. 
In the left upper jaw, and on the level with the lower ex- 
tremity, or the pterygoid process, a supernumerary molar ex- 
isted, still buried in its bony cavity, the roots not having as 
yet been developed. In the configuration of its grinding sur- 
face it did not conform with either of the other teeth. 
Bony Palate.—By reference to the table of measurements, 
it will be seen that the space between the incisive alveoli, 
and the edge of the hard palate is much greater proportionally 
than in the Chimpanzée. The median suture has disappeared, 
and only slight indications remain of a former suture between 
the maxillaries and the ossa palati. The emargination on 
the middle of the edge of the palate is much less distinct than 
in either of the other specimens which I have examined, or 
than in that figured by Professor Owen. 
The Vomer has the same thin and delicate structure as in 
the other crania, and does not meet the ossa palati at the pos- 
terior edge. 
Cranial capacity.—In studying the anatomical characters 
of this and the allied quadrumana, with reference to their 
zoological position, nothing can be more desirable than to 
have accurate knowledge with regard to the structure and 
dimensions of the brain, for this may be regarded as one of 
the most important of all the tests of elevation or degrada- 
tion. The bodies of the adult anthropoid animals so seldom 
fall into the hands of the anatomist, that it becomes ex- 
tremely difficult to accumulate observations on the actual 
