282 Description of two additional Crania of the 
flattened and pointed coccyx, the small glutzi, the smaller 
size of the lower compared with the upper portion of the ver- 
tebral column, the long and straight spinous processes of the 
neck,—these, and many other subordinate characters, are pe- 
culiarities of the anthropoid animals, and constitute a wide 
gap between these and the most degraded of the human races, 
so wide that the greatest difference between these last and 
the noblest specimen of a Caucasian, is inconsiderable in com- 
parison. 
Whilst it is thus easy to demonstrate the wide separation 
between the anthropoid and the human races, to assign a 
true position to the former among themselves is a more difh- 
cult task. Mr Owen, in his earlier Memoir, regarded the 
T. niger as making the nearest approach to Man, but the 
more recently discovered 7. gorilla, he is now induced to be- 
lieve approaches still nearer, and regards it as “ the most 
anthropoid of the known brutes.”’* This inference is derived 
from the study of crania alone, without any reference to the 
rest of the skeleton. 
After a careful examination of the Memoir just referred to, 
I am forced to the conclusion, that the preponderance of evi- 
dence is unequivocally opposed to the opinion there recorded ; 
and, after placing side by side the different anatomical pecu- 
liarities of the two species, there seems to be no alternative 
but to regard the Chimpanzée as holding the highest place 
in the brute creation. The more anthropoid characters of 
the JT. gorilla which are referred to by Professor Owen, are 
the following— 
1. ‘* The coalesced central margins of the nasals are pro- 
jected forwards, thus offering a feature of approximation to 
the human structure, which is very faintly indicated, if at all, 
in 7. néger.’+ This statement is applicable to all the crania 
which I have seen, and especially to the two crania described 
in this paper. Nevertheless, the extension of the nasals 
between the frontals, or the existence of an additional osse- 
ous element, is a mark of greater deviation from Man. 
2. “* The inferior or alveolar part of the premaxillaries, on 
* Op. Cit., Vol. iii., p. 414. f P: S983 
