66 ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



Genus Arctium. Burdock. 

 Arctium lappa, L. Common. Probably escaped or introduced with seed. 



Genus Cnicus, Tourn. Common or Plumed Thistle. 

 Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistle. Too plentiful. 

 Genus Taraxacum, Haller. Dandelion. 

 Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Common Dandelion. Common. 



(ERICACEAE) MONOTROPEAE. INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY. 



Genus Gaylussacia, HBK. Huckleberry. 



Gaylussacia resinosa, Torr. & Gray. Black Huckleberry. Used as a food. 

 Genus Vaccinium. Blueberry. Bilberry. Cranberry. 



Vaccinium pennsylvanicum. Lam. Dwarf Blueberry. 



Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm. Blueberry.* 

 ♦The blueberries are abundant. Every hill and open space is covered with 

 them. Blueberry harvest is a great time for the Indians. They go far and 

 near and gather them to sell at so much a box. Car loads are gathered and 

 sold to the nearby stores for shipment, buyers often being sent from St. Paul, 

 Minneapolis, Duluth and the nearby towns to purchase them. The natives 

 also now can them white man's way. Many are eaten fresh and tons of them 

 dried on racks in the sun for winter use. These berries are the most abundant 

 wild fruit of the region. 



Vaccinium oxycoccus, L. Small Cranberry. 



Vaccinium macrocarpon. Ait. Large or American Cranberry. 



Cranberries are very plentiful in the swamp regions and are quite an article 

 of food. Many bushels are also sold by the Indians each year. 



Genus Arctostaphylos, Adams. Bearberry. 

 Arctostaphylos una-ursi, Spreng. Bearberry. The leaves of this plant are 

 smoked, causing intoxication. The plant is much used in the medicine cere- 

 monies. 



Genus Epigaea, L. Ground Laurel. Trailing Arbutus. 

 Epigaea repens, L. Trailing Arbutus. Seen on burning near Thomp- 

 son's homestead. 



Genus Gaultheria, Kalm. Aromatic Wintergreen. 

 Gaultheria procumbens, L. Creeping Wintergreen. Common on sand ridges 

 near Thompson's homestead. The "berry" was much used as a food by the 



POLEMONIACEAE. POLEMONIUM FAMILY. 



Genus Polemonium, Tourn. Greek Valerian. 

 Polemonium reptans, L. Common. 

 . Polemonium caeruleum, L. Jacob's Ladder. Common. 



BORRAGINACEAE. BORAGE FAMILY. 



Genus Echinospermum, Lehm. Stockweed. 



Echinospermum jloribundum, Lehm. Beggar lice. A pest everywhere. 



Genus Mertensia, Roth. Lungwort. 



"^ Mertensia paniculata, Don. Blue Bells. Quite common. 



SOLANACEAE. NIGHTSHADE FAMILY. 

 Genus Solanum, Tourn. Nightshade. 

 Solanum nigrum, L. Common Nightshade. Common. Used in the medi- 

 cine ceremonies by the Indians. 



LABIATE. MINT FAMILY. 

 Genus Mentha, Tourn. Mint. 

 Mentha canadensis, L. Wild Mint. Quite common. 



Genus Stachys, Tourn. Hedge-Nettle. 

 Stachys palustris, L. Nettle. Common. 



