174 ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



PLANT IMMIGRANTS FROM 1826-1859— Concluded 



Eleusine indica Echinochloa crusgalli 



Eragrostis megastachya Digitaria tanguinalis 



Bromus secalinus Setaria glauca 



The above list contains 74 introduced species, most of 

 them probably coming in during the int-erval of 33 years. 

 Several of these were possibly introduced originally as 

 crop plants or vegetables, such as Medicago sativa, Pasti- 

 naca sativa, Linum usitatissimun, Cannabis sativa and 

 Fagopyrum esculentum. Several are medicinal plants, 

 ornamentals, or plants of the old-fashioned garden, such 

 as Marruhium vulgare, Melissa officinalis, Satureja hor- 

 tensis, Mentha spicata, Nepeta Cataria, Centaurea Cy- 

 anus, Delphinimn Consolida, Polygonum orientate, Rosa 

 ruhiginosa and Aethnsa Cynapium. The remaining spe- 

 cies are mostly weeds, the worst possibly being Cirsium 

 arvense. The greatest number of introductions was in 

 the family Compositae, with the Cruciferae second. 



In 1870, Frederick Brendel, working mainly in the 

 region near Peoria, published an article in the American 

 Entomologist and Botanist entitled, "Distribution of Im- 

 migrant Plants." He notes the following — heretofore 

 not mentioned — as "adventitious plants" or "mostly 

 escaped or purposely introduced: — " 



Argemone mexicana Tanacetum vulgare 



Nasturtium Armoracia Ipomoea purpurea 



Anethum graveolens Phalaris canariensis 



Helianthus annuus Setaria italica 



The following additional plants, he says, had been 

 naturalized from an unknown date : — 



Hypericum perforatum Phleum pratense 



Chenopodium urbicum Agrostis alba 



Alepecurus pratensis Poa compressa 



In this list he also mentions Plantago major, Chenopod- 

 ium hyhridum, Solanum nigrum and "Xanthium stru- 

 marium" , all of which are now regarded as indigenous 

 or at least as cosmopolites. Raphanus raphanistrmn is 

 mentioned as having been found in 1852, but not seen 

 since. Many of the introduced species mentioned by 

 Brendel had already appeared in Lapham's catalogue. 



In 1872, H. H. Babcock's "Flora of Chicago, and Vi- 

 cinity" appeared. In this he mentions 47 introduced 



