PAPERS OX MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 441 



affiliated. Others of the first type, though concerned 

 only Avith the care of the sick, have their origin and con- 

 trol bound up in Federal, State, County, or Municipal 

 goveniment, A third group of the first type are private 

 hospitals owned and controlled by physicians for the 

 care of their own patients. 



Any one group of the first type of hospitals requires 

 a form of organization essentially different from the hos- 

 pital whose function is solely to care for the sick of the 

 community. 



The first type of hospital charged with a definite pur- 

 pose is usually under control of a director, officer or man- 

 ager who is especially trained to direct the functioning 

 of the hospital along the lines necessary to obtain the 

 end desired. Such an officer is usually found to be a 

 medical man. He is charged not only with the care of 

 the sick but is also responsible for the physical property, 

 and for the professional and moral conduct of the medi- 

 cal and nursing personnel. Such an officer must have 

 definite, limited and lawful authority over the personnel. 

 He therefore builds up an organization which will func- 

 tion and carry out his ideals of hospital organization and 

 care of the sick. Thus he will surround himself with 

 such a personnel as are willing to act in accord with his 

 plans. The results obtained are credited to the one 

 source. 



Except as it is necessary to use the Type I organiza- 

 tion for comparison, my paper is not concerned with 

 this type, nor have the activities of the self appointed 

 hospital standardizing bodies of the American College 

 of Surgeons been concerned with it. except that it is ap- 

 parently their aim to bring about the organization of all 

 hospitals according to this type and to place themselves 

 in control. 



The second type of hospital is organized, presumably, 

 for the sole purpose of caring for the sick of the com- 

 munity. Such hospitals are usually dependent upon 

 gratuities from the public, or patronage from the public 

 for their financial existence and support. Whether they 

 are brought into existence by a society or a religious 



