PAPERS ON PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION 499 



middle class of highly respected citizens of the common- 

 wealth. 



At least five of the descendants have been, or are at 

 present, college professors, seventeen have served as 

 high school principals or city superintendents; no less 

 than thirty have taught in the elementary schools, and 

 one is a Kindergartner of national reputation. Many 

 have been and are at present successful farmers and 

 stock raisers. One is president of a railroad corpor- 

 ation, another is president of a state labor organization, 

 and there is one descendant who is probably a million- 

 aire. There have been several Quaker preachers, and 

 one Presbyterian preacher, though none of them have 

 gained distinction in this field. In pre-Civil War days 

 this family h«ld very pronounced anti-slavery views, as 

 did most Quakers, and maintained five well established 

 stations of the ''Underground Railroad" system reach- 

 ing from Richmond, Indiana, to Fort Wa3me. Hun- 

 dreds of slaves made their escape to Canada over this 

 route. The study reveals the fact that all the descend- 

 ants have been law abiding, peace loving, gentle folk of 

 good intelligence and decent behavior. 



The marriages of the descendants, with one exception 

 which will be discussed later, were uniformly favorable, 

 producing offspring which conform more or less closely 

 to the general type of native ability found throughout 

 the family. The marriages were formerly held rather 

 closely within the Quaker church, it being the custom 

 of the sect not to marry outside. Since the Civil War, 

 however, descendants have not at all conformed to this 

 custom, whole branches of the family now being con- 

 nected with other religious orders. All branches of the 

 family have been practically free from mental and physi- 

 cal weakness, such as insanity, feeble-mindedness, can- 

 cer, and tuberculosis. Not a single instance of any 

 of these maladies is recorded in the long history of this 

 family. Infant mortality has been extremely low, which 

 indicates a high degree of excellence in parental care. 



In 1848 an event occurred in the history of this family 

 tr^e which practically wrecked one branch of it. The 



