HANNIBAL : CALIFOKNIAN FRESHWATEK MOLLUSCA. 141 



L. Mighehi, Biuney, 1865 ; L. Binnei/i, Tryon, 1865 ; L. angulata, 

 Sowerby, 1872 (syntonic form) ; L. Canadensis, Sowerby, 1872 ; 

 L. [PoU/rhytis) Kingi, Meek, 1877 (syntonic form) ; ' L. scalaris, 

 Westerlimd, 1883 (syntonic form) ; Limnophgsa Bo7ineviUensis, 

 Call, 1884 (syntonic form) ; Radix ampla, var. Utahensis, Call, 

 1884 (syntonic form) ; Limncea ovata, var. Athiensis, Dall, 1884 

 (nude name); Ziiinnceus Atkinensis, 'Dall,' Clessin, 188G (syntonic 

 form); Limnoia Woodruffi, F. C. Baker, 1901; L. emarginata, 

 var. montana, Elrod, 1902 (syntonic form); L. Randolphi, F. G. 

 Baker, 1904 (syntonic form) ; L. decollata Onoroensis, F. C. Baker, 

 1904 (syntonic form); L. {Binneyi, var.?) Prehlei, Dall, 1905 

 (syntonic form); L. Petersi, Dall, 1905 (syntonic form); L. Nasoni, 

 F. C. Baker, 1906 (syntonic form); L. Hinkleyi, F. C. Baker, 

 1906 (syntonic form) ; L. Jaclisonensis, F. C. Baker, 1907 (syntonic 

 form); L. paendopinguis, F. C. Baker, 1907 (syntonic form); 

 L. Bavisi, Walker, 1908 (sj-ntonic form) ; L. Pilshryana, Walker, 



1909 (syntonic form); L. emarginata Wisconsinensis, F. C. liaker, 



1910 (syntonic form); Galba catascopium Adamsi, F. C. Baker, 

 1911; G. Alaahensis, F. C. Baker, 1911 (syntonic form) ; G. cata- 

 scopium JViagrae7tsts, F. C.Baker, 1911 ; G. ' apicina, Lea', F. C. 

 Baker, 1911; G. ' apicina solida, Lea', F. C. Baker, 1911. 



Shell normally^ of moderate size, spire broadly elevated, whorls 

 moderately inflated, sub-perforate, aperture auriculiform, columellar 

 fold inclined to partial obsolescence ; habitat lakes and sluggish 

 streams. 



Boreal portions of Paltearctic and Xearctic Ilegions. Yukon, Alaska, 

 Fraser, Columbia (locally — headwaters adjacent to upper Missouri 

 Basin only), and Utah Systems. 



Quaternary : Loess of eastern States ; Bonneville Lake beds, Utah. 



Lymn^.a palustkis (Miiller). 

 Buccinum palustre, Miiller, 1774; Lyimieus elodes, Say, 1821 (syntonic 

 form); L. desidiosus, Say, 1821 (syntonic form); Limneiis 

 umbrosus, Say, 1832 ; Limnea expansa^ Haldeman, 1840 ; 

 L. Nattalliana, Lea, 1841; L. Vahli, Beck, in Miiller, 1842; 

 L. Pifigelei, Beck, in Miiller, 1842 ; L. fragiUs, Haldeman, 1842, 

 not Helix fragilis, L. = Z. stagnalis, L. ; Z. proxima. Lea, 1856 

 (syntonic form); Z. '•pallida, Adams', Lea, 1856; Limncea 

 Haydeni, Lea, 1856 (syntonic form); Z. Sutnassi, Baird, 1863 

 (except front view); Z. Traslci, Tryon, 1863 (syntonic form); 

 Z. ' reflexa, Say', Tryon, 1863 (syntonic form); Z. Traslci, Lea, 

 1864 (not of Tryon, 1863, likewise = Z. palustris, Miill.) ; 

 Z. arctica. Lea, 1864; Z. Rowelli, Tryon, 1865 (syntonic form); 



^ Professor G. D. Louderback inforais the writer that the ' Pliocene ' of Cache 

 Valley, Utah, whence this species was described, is, in all probabilities, 

 merely an extension of the Lake Bonneville sediments. 



" L. auricularia is subject to excessive syntonic variation. L. peregra, of 

 Europe, and L. catascopium, of America, were based on comparatively 

 normal individuals. No attempt is made to give a description broad enough 

 to cover the aberrant forms. 



