146 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



been based on solida, solida Cubensis, and trimcatula. On the other 

 hand caperata is frequently identified as one or another of these 

 species. Altogether it is a very badly misunderstood Lymncea. 



Lymnj^a (Galea) solida (Lea). 

 Liinnaa solida. Lea, 1838; L. apicina, Lea, 1838; L. bulimoides. Lea, 

 1841; L. Adelince, Tryon, 1863; L. ^ ampla, Mighels', Keep, 

 1888 (syntonic form); L. (Stapiicola?) perpolita, Dall, 1905 

 (syntonic form); Z. hulhnoides Sofwmaensis, 'Hemphill ^IS.,' 

 Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906 (syntonic form); Z. Hendersoni, F. C. 

 Baker, 1909; Z. Cnhensis Sancfijosi'phi, Hannibal, 1910 (syntonic 

 form); Galba ^caperata, Say', F. C. Baker, 1911 [pariim). 



Lymn;ea (Galea) solida Cubensis (Pfeilfer). 

 Limncea Cubensis, Pfeiffer, 1839; Z. ^caperata, Say', Tryou, 1863; 

 Z. Lecontei, Lea, 1864 ; Z. techella, Haldeman, 1868 ; Z. ' humilis, 

 Say', Keep, 1888; Z. Bryanti, F. C. Baker, 1905; Z. Cubensis 

 aspirans, I'ilsbry, 1910 ; Galba bulimoides Cassi, F. C. Baker, 1911; 

 G. ' Galbana, Say', F. C. Baker, 1911 {partim). 



Lymncea solida. Shell of moderate size for group, horny, spire 

 bluntly elevated, whorls inflated, sub-perforate, aperture broadly 

 auriculiform, columellar fold sub-obsolete or (usually) obsolete ; 

 habitat lakes and sluggish streams, commonly on floating algse. 



Missouri Basin in American Province. Yukon, Alaska, Fraser, 

 Columbia, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Klamath, and Coast Range 

 Systems, rarely farther south. 



Quaternary : Lahontan Lake beds, Nevada ; Christmas Lake beds, 

 Oregon. 



Lymncea solida Cubensis. Shell as in preceding, but porcellanous 

 rather than horny, whorls more inflated, more deeply sutured, and 

 more pronouncedly umbilicate, pillar showing no trace of columellar 

 fold in adult; solida stage passed during adolescence; habitat with 

 Succinea in moist places, particularly marshes and about the borders 

 of lakes and sluggish streams. 



Antillean and Mexican Provinces. Gulf region, and northward to 

 Colorado, west of the Mississippi Iliver in American Province. 

 Arizona, Los Angeles, Mojave, Coast Range, Klamath, Nevada, Utah, 

 and Colorado Systems, infrequently farther to north grading into 

 typical solida. 



The status of these sub-species has not gained general acceptance 

 since the appearance of the new edition of West Coast Shells, in 

 which the writer first pointed out their relationships, due to the 

 extremelj' involved condition of the nomenclature, while recent work 

 by other writers has hindered rather than assisted in simplifying 

 matters. Lymncua solida, Lea, in violation of the law of priority and 

 common-sense as well, has been treated as a sub-species \_sic .'] of 

 Z. apicina, a synonym according to every Avriter in fifty years since it 

 was described some months later from the identical localit}', and may 

 be distinguished oulj^ by a slightly greater elevation of tlie spire, and 

 tlio latter identified with a dwaifed svntonic form of Z. auricularia 



