388 PROCKEDINGS OP THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



with New Caledonia in the same manner as New Zealand has through 

 Placostyltis. It is obvious that Norfolk Island, from the absence of 

 Placostylus, does not enter into the same chain, whilst the predominance 

 of the Fretam group points to a relationship of Norfolk Island with 

 tlie Solomons and the Fiji Islands. There is nothing in the Kerraadec 

 Mollusca that is distinctive in the same manner as the Placostijlus and 

 Fretum are. The general character of the minute species of the 

 Ivermadecs differs from that of most northern groups in the absence 

 of Omphalofropis and DiploDimatina, which both occur on Lord Howe 

 and Norfolk Islands, and seem to just reach New Zealand. It 

 would follow, then, that these genera did not arrive at New Zealand 

 via the Kerraadecs. The presence of Tornatellinids on the Kermadecs 

 points to their easy colonization of the Pacific groups by means of 

 drift or otlier conveyance, I feel certain that Elasmias has very 

 recently settled on the Kermadecs, and also on Lord Howe Island. 

 The Endodontoid shells show as much relationship with those of 

 Polynesia as they do with New Zealand forms, whilst the Pupoid 

 shell I have called Pronesopupa is Polynesian, no such form having 

 yet been found in New Zealand. The species for which I liave 

 proposed the genus Paralaoma does not seem as yet to have relations 

 recorded from New Zealand, though I consider the Australian morti, 

 Cox, to be absolutely congeneric. This species has apparently a wide 

 range in Australia, being recoi'ded from Tasmania, Victoria, New 

 South Wales, and South Australia. The Helicarion certainlj' came 

 from the North, since no representative of this genus occurs in New 

 Zealand, nor does it occur on Lord Howe or Norfolk Islands. 



In view of the known moUuscan faunulse of New Zealand, Fiji, 

 New Caledonia, Lord Howe, and Norfolk Islands, the whole facies of 

 the Kermadec land Mollusca suggests the entire extinction of the 

 faunula comparative with those named, and the re-peopling of the 

 group by means of drift, and that the drift has been from the North. 

 When the Northern groups have been thoroughly searched a more 

 accurate comparison will be able to be made. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. 



Figs. 1,2. Pmnesopupa senex, n.sp. 



,, 3. Cali/iiina nrboricolci, n.sp. 



,, 4. Flammulina miserabUis, n.s]). 



,, 5. Paralaoma ambigua, n.sp. 



,, 6. Charopa MacgiUivrayana , n.sp. 



,, 7. Paralaoma Raoulensis, n.sp. 



,, 8. CUaropa exquisita, n.sp. 



,, 9. ,, pseudanguicula, n.sp. 



,, 10. Ptychodon Roy anus, n.sp. 



,, 11. ,, aviandus, n.sp. 



,, 12. ,, pseutes, n.sp. 



