02 CARL SCHIØTZ. M.-N. Kl. 



In order to get a more significant expression for the mentioned 

 difference between the typical number and the average, the difference 

 is computed as percentage of the average (table 9). It is then ver}^ 

 obvious how the percentage — consequently the relative difference — in 

 all the ages is considerably larger with the girls than with the hoys. 

 A tendency to stronger extension of the curve toward the plus-side from 

 the type characterizes the girls in all ages compared to the boys. How 

 does this markedly skew distribution of the curve affect the relation 

 between the plus- and minus-variants computed from the arithmetical 

 average? As H.J.Hansen remarks: When the individuals who weigh 

 less than the average deviate less from it than those who weigh more, 

 it is a mathematical necessity, that there must be more in number under 

 than over the average in order to create equilibrium. L i v i (quoted by 

 H. J. Hansen) found in his investigations of Italian soldiers, that 53.1% 

 were under average, H. J. Hansen found that of new born children were 

 about 54% under average. Our material of the numbers from the public 

 schools, 8 to 14 years, shows an average of 53.4% of the boys, and 

 54.5% of the girls as minus-variants, — which is very near the Italian 

 numbers for soldiers and the Danish for new born. Table 10 shows the 

 rate between plus- and minus-variants for 8 to 14 years in the public 

 schools. The girls show in all the years (except 14) relatively more 

 minus-variants than the boys. The table shows similarity in the num.bers 

 for the percentage of the growth in weight (table 4), higher numbers 

 for the girls with maximum at (12) 13, after which a descent. Perceivable 

 ascent with the boys after 13. Therefore parallelism betiveen the years 

 of strong development and increased number of minus-variants. (One 

 anyway reasonable analogical conclusion is, that the larger percentage 

 of minus-variants among the girls in these years is connected with the 

 quicker average development of this sex.) 



From the numbers on table 9 is seen, how the positive distribution 

 increases with the years. No detailed analysis from year to year of 

 the relative differences between average and type — eventually as curves 

 — will i)e given. The typical number cannot be computed as accurately 

 as the average. 



Note. A corresponding analysis of the distribution curves of height 

 was not made, as the conformity with the "ideal" binomial-curve was 

 obvious. As now, however, the conception "skew curves" has become 

 actual by going through the variability of weight, a comparison of the 

 distribution of height will be appropriate. Table 11 will furnish us the 

 material for this. 



As we see, the skew distribution of w-eight is conspicuous, compared 

 to the distribution of height. For the ages 8 to 14 at the public schools 

 53.4% of the boys show ^- a Aveight under average, only 50.6% a height 



As average of the numbers of the single ages. 



