lO s. HOLTH AND O. BERNER. M.-N. Kl. 



in the figure, which has the small light patch on it, even seems to answer 

 to the strengthening fillets which Heerfordt has described as hollow tubes 

 in the iris of the seal. 



I have alreadv drawn attention to the fact that near the place where 

 the dilatator muscle ends in the direction of the ciliary processes, there is 

 often a peculiar fliickoiing of the dilatator muscle, which, for want of a 

 better name, I have called the "projection". This is shown in fig. 4, where 

 it will be seen that it is caused by thickening of the dilatator, which sends 

 radiating filaments out into the stroma, while at the same time the epithelium 

 of the iris is also thickened. In the non-depigmented sections it is also seen 

 that in the stroma corresponding to such "projections", there are a good 

 manv pigmented cells. If a "projection" such as this be followed, however, 

 through a depigmented series, it will be found that the iridian epithelium 

 does not pass smoothlv over the posterior surface of the projection, but 

 that, on the contrary, it is always drawn into the stroma in a duplicature, 

 the "projection" becoming sooner or later associated with an eversion of 

 the epithelium. 



In the greater number of my series there is a "projection" such as 

 this near the peripheral part of the iris. Its topographical situation is marked 

 in the diagram in fig. 3, where it is also seen how the iris contracts and 

 becomes thin just beyond this place. In the photograph reproduced in fig. 5, 

 the "projection" is not very clearly marked (owing to the feeble enlargement), 

 although it is shown by the indistinct boundary ot the pigmentar}- layer 

 immediately before the iris contracts so rapidly; but on the other hand the 

 sharp transition to the thin outermost zone where the dilatator is absent, 

 is all the more prominent in that figure. In those parts of my various 

 series in ivJiicli there icas no "projectioir , it was noticeable that the part 

 of the iris where there ivas no dilatator was pushed niiieh farther into thie 

 iris (towards the centre) than elsewhere. 



Beyond the "projection" we come, as I have said, to that part of the 

 iris where there is no dilatator. The narrowness of this zone can hardly 

 be explained except by assuming that the sphincter has mechanically- pulled 

 the periphery of the iris — with its aplasia dilatatoris peripherica^ — and 

 stretched it considerably. This is borne out by the fact that a protuberance 

 (one of the ciliary processus) is very often found between the "projection" 

 and the ciliary body, which is also seen in fig. 5. The comparatively large 

 protuberance in this figure has a peculiar hyaline stroma, which is strongly 

 stained bv eosin, and has come out dark in the photograph. But the same 

 dark shade in also seen in the next protuberance, and it is evident that 

 this is one of the protuberances in the ciliary processes. I think, therefore, 



' In a normally built iris any detachment of the dilatator from the ciliary border cannot 

 occur. Millions of glaucomatous eyes in all ages between infanc\' and senium have been 

 treatened daily for ^-ears by eserine or pilocarpin and the pupils thereby contracted ad ex- 

 tremum without permanent efl'ect ; when the miotics are given up the pupils dilate well again. 



