14 



s. HOLTH AND O. BERNER. M.-N. Kl. 



seeing that they extend farther than into a cihary process. The study of 

 them has strengthened me in my view that they are probably the rudi- 

 ments of "anchoring-points" for the dilatator muscle. I consider the club- 

 shaped swollen end of the dilatator (fig. 12) as an "anchoring-point" 

 such as this. The section is taken from a series through a normal iris from 

 a person of the age of 66, and I was able to follow the club-shaped end 

 through 12 sections. There was no connection between it and the ciliary 

 muscle^, nor have I found any as regards the corresponding formations in 

 Axel B.'s eyes. 



With regard to the "epithelial processes" I must point cut that they 

 are usually found together with the "projections", and consequently a little 

 within the iris; but ver}' occasionally I have also seen that the epithelium 

 at the base of the iris, between it and the nearest ciliary process, has grown 

 out in a process of that kind. In one of my series I found, too, under the 

 base of the nearest ciliar}- process an especially distinct epithelial process 

 consisting of large cells and with no development of muscular fibrils round 

 it. In one section I counted no less than 5 nuclei in it. I was unable, 

 however, to follow it up to the epithelium of the iris, notwithstanding that 

 the series was free from all defects. There is probably, therefore, no other 

 explanation of it than that the connection with the epithelium of the iris 

 was broken, and that thus an epithelial process had been constricted oft 

 and left lying under the ciliary process. But in this connection it must be 

 remembered that this epithelial process evidently had its origin close to 

 the base of the iris, and that the latter, m the above-mentioned series, was 

 very thin at the base, as though it had been subjected to considerable 

 stretching inwards. What was found here, therefore, does not quite har- 

 monise with the assumption that the "projections" were the normal attach- 

 ment of the dilatator muscle, which the sphincter had drawn into the iris 

 a little way. All discoveries are probabh' explained best by assuming that 

 developmental disturbances have taken place throughout the peripheral zone 

 of the iris. 



As I am inclined to consider the "projections", the "hooks" and 

 the "epithelial processes" as more or less imperfect attachments for the 

 dilatator muscle, I am also obliged to make a close examination of the 

 periphery of the normal iris, the ciliary border. Opinions regarding the 

 conditions of the dilatator muscle in this part of the iris vary greatly, but 

 there is one thing in which all authors with the exception of von Szilv 

 agree, namely, that the dilatator ends at the periphery of the iris without 

 being connected with the ciliary muscle. In the opinion of some writers the 

 anatomical conditions in this region are simple, but according to the descrip- 



' On the other hand there was a connection, in tlie series, with the iridian epithelium, 

 which was drawn into the stroma in a blind duplicature. The starting-point of this 

 duplicature was about at the line P. a. in the figure. 



