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forms an obstacle to fish when they are trying to come up the 

 stream in the spring, except when the water is unusually high, 

 and at such times fish are noticeably more numerous in the 

 creek. Barriers in the form of leaf dams exist. There are 

 accumulations of dead leaves against fallen limbs, brush, tree 

 roots, fences, and the like, that are in the water. These dams 

 often change the surface of the stream a foot or more in 

 elevation, and fish can not get by them except at times of 

 freshet. A little fall, about a foot in height in a piece of nar- 

 rows, has been an obstacle to migrating fish in Campus creek 

 during the last three springs ; and it was interesting to watch 

 them attempting to leap over the fall and to swim up it. Last 

 year this fall seemed a perfect barrier till about the middle of 

 April, when a period of high water obliterated it temporarily. 

 After this time, stone rollers in large numbers were found 

 nesting in the part of the stream above the fall, while prior to 

 it they were only abundant and found spawning below it. 



The Current. The direct effect of this on fish distribution 

 in Campus creek has not been definitely made out. All the 

 common species in the creek certainly prefer the deeper and 

 quieter waters for permanent abodes, but many individuals 

 come to the shoals from the pools at night and rest an the 

 bottom where the water is swift. From observations made 

 with a bicycle lamp in some of the streams about Charleston, 

 including Campus creek, it appears that shoals constitute the 

 chief nocturnal habitats for stream fish ; the pools seem almost 

 deserted at that time, and those shoals with rapidly moving 

 water seem to be preferred, but more data are needed on 

 this point. Stone rollers, with some exceptions, and also horned 

 dace, go to the rapid and shallow water areas for spawning, 

 usually just above the patches of riffles at the lower ends of 

 jpools. Male stone rollers, by pulling away the small stones of 

 gravel bottoms, in the situations described, make little pits in 

 which the females lay the eggs. These were very noticeable 

 above many pieces of riffles in Campus creek last year, and 

 these fish were seen working here fronn the last of March till 

 after the middle of May. Some fish were found spawning 



