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pure chemistry; only by doing this can the fertiUzing ideas of 

 pure science be planted where they ultimately will be of use 

 in the improvement of applied chemistry. Germany has recog- 

 nized the high level of the training given by these means 

 in its schools of technology by granting to its polytechnics the 

 right to confer the doctorate of science on its graduates. 

 America can be satisfied only when it has schools of technol- 

 ogy on a level no lower than those which have contributed so 

 much to the wonderful industrial success of Germany. In such 

 schools, then, pure chemistry and applied chemistry would stand 

 side by side, each giving its best to the student, each free to 

 develop to the fullest extent, each ready to contribute to the 

 progress of knowledge and to the advancement of practical 

 affairs. 



3. The Relation of Pure and Applied Physics. 

 John Fillmore Hayford. 



Pure science is an absolute prerequisite to the development 

 of applied science. Both pure and applied science contribute 

 directly to the progress of knowledge. Applied science has 

 also an indirect influence on the progress of knowledge which 

 is much more important than its direct influence. The very 

 nature of our practical affairs, as well as our success in deal- 

 ing with them, depends upon the state of our knowledge. Hence 

 these four, pure science, applied science, the progress of 

 knowledge and our practical affairs form a continuous line of 

 related matters in which each is dependent upon all of those 

 which precede it. 



New discoveries in science, or more accurate determinations 

 of known laws, are an absolute prerequisite to continued pro- 

 gress in applied science. If all discoveries in science should 

 stop at the present moment, that is if all progress in pure science 

 ceased, the progress in applied science would continue for a 

 time at a decreasing rate, until the present acquisitions of pure 

 science had been largely turned to the use of a man. The 

 progress in applied science would then practically stop until 

 new lines of application were opened by developments in pure 



