240 THE SCOTTISH BOTANICAL REVIEW 



much care, and if means could be adopted to shorten the matter for 

 a flora, it would represent good and painstaking work. 



In addition to the former new species {occidentalis and purpurea),^ 

 we have now a third described {F. pardoxa), two sub-species, one 

 hybrid {y. F. Painferi), and several varieties, etc. 



Under F. paradoxa Mr. Pugsley certainly seems to have scored, 

 as four Continental botanists referred this to quite another section of 

 the genus, and I think in a case like this we may be forgiven for 

 being a little proud of our countryman. 



Lastly, the index of 121 names shows how much is included in 

 the work. 



Plant Life and Evolution. Professor D. H. Campbell. 

 "American Nature Series," Holt & Co., New York, 191 1. 

 Price .$1.60 net. 



Much has recently been written upon the subject of evolution 

 following upon the celebration, both here and in America, of the 

 jubilee of the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species." In 

 these discussions plants have not played so prominent a part as 

 animals, hence we may welcome this book all the more, coming as it 

 does from one of the American school, reared up in the traditions 

 of Agassiz, Hyatt, Ribot, Cope, Marsh, Beecher, Osborn, and many 

 other valiant supporters of Neolamarckism. In Europe we can 

 point to Hering, Herbert Spencer, Pfeffer, Semper, F. Darwin, and 

 Semon as able exponents of similar views. Moreover, Professor 

 Campbell has done pioneer work on the development and structure 

 of mosses and ferns, apart from other important studies. He may 

 be said, in fact, to occupy that place in the New World which in the 

 Old World we accord to Professor Bower, as doyen of cryptogamic 

 morphology. Both have reached much the same conclusions {vide 

 the " Origin of a Land Flora," " Plant Life on Land "), if by some- 

 what different methods, which is perhaps the best criterion of 

 accuracy. 



The book, which may be thoroughly recommended to English 

 students, is admittedly written from a Neolamarckian standpoint, but 

 whilst the author discusses in a masterly way all the theories of 

 evolution, he accepts none as explaining the ultimate cause of evolu- 

 tion. Though primarily written for American students, it is safe to 

 say it is of international interest, since the treatment of the subjects, 

 discussed by one who is a specialist in his own particular field, 

 displays so wide and intimate a knowledge of current work and 

 thought in other fields, with so well balanced and critical an estimate 

 of the value and relative bearing or otherwise of each upon the 

 matter in hand, that the book may be placed on the shelf as an 

 important study in origins, especially applicable to the plant world. 

 Whilst it provides all the material for a text-book of morphology or 



"Jour, of Botany," 1902, p. 129 ; 1 904, p. 217. 



