REVIEWS, BOOK NOTICES, ETC. 1 25 



floras or lists. However, it is subspontaneous in several fenny 

 places in Suffolk, and this, I suppose, must count as its first British 

 record. It is sometimes planted, as on the roadside in West Suffolk 

 between Barton Mills and Icklingham, also in grounds and gardens, 

 as in Cambridge. The following poplars belonging to this group are 

 usually confused by British botanists: — (i) P. nigra, Linn, (indi- 

 genous in southern and eastern England) ; (2) F. de/toidea, Marsh, 

 (very rarely cultivated in Britain ; indigenous in N. America) ; (3) 

 F. canadensis, Moench (the 'Black Italian poplar'; commonly 

 cultivated; origin unknown); and (4) F. virginiana, Foug. (culti- 

 vated ; origin unknown). F. virginiana is usually (? always) a 

 pistillate tree; F, canade?isis is usually (? always) a staminate tree. 

 The above three introduced poplars have o, i, or 2 glands at the 

 base of each lamina : these glands are absent in F. ttigra. P. 

 deltoidea is slightly ciliate at the margin of the lamina. F. canadetisis 

 (the male tree) has terminal leaves which are decidedly less acumi- 

 nate than those of F. virginiana (the female tree). — C. E. M. 



" Foa Chaixii, Vill. In a wood, Eddleston, Peeblessh., v.c. 78, 

 July 1909. — Ida M. Hayward. This grass seems to be spreading in 

 Britain, or has it been overlooked? — A. B." 



British Plants: their Biology and Ecology. By J. F. Bevis, 

 B.A., B.Sc, and H. J. Jeffery, A.R.CSc, F.L.S. Pp. xii -i- 334. 

 London : Alston Rivers, 191 1. Price ^s. 6d. net. 



In this we have at last an attempt to form a text-book which will be 

 in accordance with recent advances in botanical science and at the 

 same time in such a form as can be readily understood by elementary 

 students. Here we have the old facts of morphology stated in a new 

 and much more readable way ; form is discussed in relation to 

 function, and plant life considered in relation to its environment, while 

 the reciprocal relationships between plants and the various external 

 factors affecting them are discussed one by one, examples being 

 chosen to illustrate what is meant from well-known British or garden 

 plants, thus fixing the knowledge imparted upon the memory. 



It is impossible to avoid the use of hard terms in many cases, but 

 the paralysing effect of these upon the elementary botanist has to 

 a great extent been minimised by the derivation of each term being 

 clearly stated. The book is divided into three parts : — 



Part I. is devoted to environment and its influence upon vegeta- 

 tion, and such fundamental factors as water, light, heat, discussed, 

 and the various effects upon plant forms, due to excess or paucity 

 of these essentials, shown. 



Part II. is devoted to plant biology, and here we find plants 

 divided into biological divisions with chapters upon the " Division of 

 Plants according to their Longevity " (annuals, biennials, perennials, 

 etc.) and the different sections of perennials shown (evergreen 

 perennials, deciduous plants, etc.). There are also chapters entitled 



