11 



or 10 stout browaish bristle?, with their points curved, encircling 

 the margin of the upper surface. Eyes prominent, usually of the 

 same color as the head bat sometimes darker; spiracles distinct. 



The cocoon (Fig. 3, a and 

 h) varies in length from 10 

 to 14 mm., and from 4 to 6 

 mm. in width. It is com- 

 posed of very delicate whit- 

 ish silk spun by the larva, 

 and is often intermingled 

 with particles of meal, flour, 

 dirt, or other material. It is 

 perfectly smooth within, and 

 is usually attached to some 

 surface by a very thin layer 

 of silk, so that the pupa can 

 be plainly seen when the 

 cocoon is removed from its 

 plice of attachment, as rep- 

 I'esented in the accompany- 

 ing illustration. 



Fig. 3. — ff, cocoon from below, ehovviDg pnp;i ilirough 

 the thin silk attaching thfi cocoon to a beam; />, samH 

 from above. Enlarged. (Fiom "Inpect Life '") 



GENERAL KKVIEW. 



Although this moth was first discovered in a fiouring-mill in 

 Germany in 1877, it was not made known to science until 1879, 

 when Prof. Z^ller noted the outbreak and described and named 

 the species (I)* from specimens from the infested mill, sent him 

 by Prof. Kiihn, Director of the Agricultural Institute, University 

 of Halle, Germany. Prof. P. C. T. Snellen refers to this paper 

 of Zeller's in 1881 (2). 



The insect was next observed in a noodle factory in Belgium 

 in 1884, and was reported by Mr. Alfred Preudhomme de Borre, 

 July 5 of the same year (5). He supposed it to have been in- 

 tioduced into that country with American cereals. Many sub- 

 stances were used to rid the mill of the infestation, but they 

 P'oved useless. The most noticeable improvement in the situa- 

 tion resulted from scrupulous cleanliness. 



In May, 1884, Mr. Maurice Girard read a paper before the 

 Entomological So3iety of France (3) on the ravages of the flour 

 moth, which had appeared in a flouriD^-mill at Lodelinsarte, 

 Belgium, and gave a short description of the adult insect and 

 larva. In the discussion which followed this paper Mr. E. L. 

 Ragonot said that he had in his collection specimens of Ephestia 

 knehniella from North Carolina, Mexico, and Chili. In this same 

 vear Dr. F. Karsch, in an article entitled "Ephestia kuehniella, 

 ZoUer: Eine Nord Amerikanische Phycide am Rhein," (4) notes 

 the appearance of this moth at several places along the lower 



* The full-face parenthetical figures in this paper refer to the bibliographical list appended. 



