20 



account of having the fore-part of the head drawn out in the form 

 of a snout or proboscis ; some, however, are the larvae of certain 

 kinds of two-winged flies 



When about to assume the chrysalis form the Apple-worm deserts 

 the fruit and crawls beneath a piece of loose bark, or any object 

 which offers it a shelter, and, after gnawing out a small cavity, 

 spins therein a small, whitish cocoon. The worms of the first brood 

 are changed to chrysalids shortly after spinning their cocoons, but 

 those of the last brood remain in their cocoons all winter, and are 

 changed to chrysalids in the month of April. of the following year. 

 From this it will be seen that there are two broods produced in one 

 season, but these overlap each other, so that worms of different sizes 

 may be found at almost any season of the year. The fruit infested 

 by the first brood usually falls to the ground before the worms 

 have left it, but that infested by those of the second brood generally 

 remains upon the trees until gathered, and the worms are thus car- 

 ried to the storehouse or cellar. 



In our warfare upon this insect our first work in the spring should 

 be to thoroughly examine the barrels and bins in which apples have 

 been stored, and carefully destroy all of the worms and chrysalids 

 that can be found ; this can probably be done with the least labor 

 by the use of hot water. As the winged insects make their appear- 

 ance they should also be destroyed ; they will usually be found upon 

 the windows of the rooms in which apples have been stored, and I have 

 taken them in such situations as late as the first week in July. 

 Later in the season the ground beneath the infested trees should be 

 examined daily, and the fallen apples gathered and either fed to 

 the hogs, or such use made of them as will destroy the worms 

 which they contain ; or if the hogs are allowed to remain in the 

 orchard they will devour the fallen fruit, and thus save us the 

 trouble of gathering them. Previous to giving them this privilege, 

 however, it would be well to drive a number of stakes firmly in the 

 ground around each tree, otherwise the hogs will girdle the trees, 

 and do more mjury than their services as destroyers of the Apple- 

 worm would amount to. 



About the first of June, bandages of leather, felt or paper should 

 be placed around the trunks of the infested trees ; the worms, while 

 descending the trees in search of a sheltered place wherein to spin 

 their cocoons, finding these bandages just suited to their purpose, 

 will crawl beneath them and spin their cocoons. Previous to apply- 

 ing these bandages the loose bark should be scraped from the trunk 

 and larger branches of the trees, as many of the worms will take 

 up their abode beneath this, and thus the efficacy of the bandages 

 will be greatly diminished. The best time for removing the loose 

 bark is in the latter part of April, or about two weeks before the 

 apple-trees put forth their leaves. As many noxious insects — espe- 

 cially the Canker-worm Moths — deposit their eggs beneath the loose 

 bark, by removing it many of these will be destroyed ; and thus by 

 one operation we not only lessen the ravages of these pests, but 

 also add greatly to the neat appearance of the trees. When paper 

 bandages are to be emplpyed, common straw wrapping paper may 

 be used. This is usually sold in sheets eighteen by twenty inches, 

 and each sheet folded thrice upon itself gives eight layers between 



