30 



trees all winter, and the tar be applied to them as early in the 

 spring as the moths begin to appear, which is usually from the 

 first to the middle of March, according to the season. The tar 

 should be renewed for about one month afterward, when the paper 

 bands should be removed from the trees and either burned or 

 thoroughly scalded, in order to destroy any eggs that may have 

 been deposited upon them. 



Printers' ink and molasses have been used by some persons in 

 place of tar ; others discard the use of paper bands altogether, and 

 in their stead fasten a* band of tin around the trunk of the tree. 

 In placing these tin bands around the trunks of the trees, they first 

 pass a piece of rope around the trunk and fasten it by driving a 

 shingle nail through the everlapping ends ; a strip of bright tin 

 about four inches wide is then bent around the tree over the rope 

 and fastened by driving a shingle nail through the overlapping ends 

 into the rope, the latter to be in the middle of the tin band. So 

 long as the tin remains bright, this appears to be a very effectual 

 estopper; but as soon as it becomes rusted, the moths will crawl 

 over it. 



It has been the custom heretofore of placing the estoppers a 

 short distance below the lower branches of the trees ; but this will 

 not prevent the moths from depositing their eggs upon the tree 

 below the obstruction, making it necessary either to destroy the eggs 

 before they hatch out — which is no easy matter — or else to prevent 

 the young worms from going above the obstruction, and this latter 

 will be found to be much more difficult than to prevent the ascen- 

 sion of the moths. All this trouble may be obviated by placing the 

 estopper at the base of the trees upon wide paper bands, as recom- 

 mended above ; the moths will then be forced to deposit their eggs 

 upon the paper bands, and as these are to be removed and burned 

 before the eggs hatch out, the latter will all be destroyed. It must 

 not be supposed that the tar will capture and destroy all of the 

 moths ; many of them, finding themselves unable to get above it, 

 will deposit their eggs below it. 



The above method will probably be objected to on the ground 

 of its requiring so much time to apply the tar, as ii will be neces- 

 sary to renew it at least every other day for about one and one- 

 half months. An easier but more dangerous method is to syringe 

 the infested trees with London-purple or Paris-green and water. 

 London-purple is to be preferred to Paris-green ; being finer than 

 the latter it does not settle so rapidly to the bottom, thus occasion- 

 ing less frequent stirring. Besides being considerable cheaper, it is 

 also much stronger, requiring only about one-half the quantity that 

 would be required of the Paris-green. It is usually applied at the 

 rate of one-half a pound of the poison to from forty to fifty gallons 

 of water. This is usually showered upon the trees by the use of a 

 garden syringe or a force-pump from a barrel placed on a wagon or 

 other vehicle and driven between two rows of trees ; the trees on 

 both sides of the vehicle can then be thoroughly showered in a 

 short time, and with but little labor. The liquid should be thrown 

 upon the trees in as fine a spray as possible, in order that it may 

 settle upon the leaves ; for if thrown upon them in streams or large 

 drops, a large quantity of it will be wasted. 



