17 



In a short time it deserts its burrow and constructs a yellowish, 

 woolly tube or case upon one of the leaves. In this case it spends 

 the greater part of its time, coming forth only to feed. After con- 

 suming the leaf upon which its case is placed, it drags the latter to 

 another leaf, and proceeds in this manner until reaching its full 

 growth, when it prepares for pupation by closing its case with a lid 

 of silk. 



The worms in the cases differ so much in color from those found 

 in the burrows that they might easily be taken for a different species. 

 They are now of a dark flesh-color, and are marked with numerous 

 polished piliferous spots, which are concolorous with the body. The 

 head and cervical shield are polished black, and the latter is some- 

 times tinged with reddish ; the thoraccic legs — those under the fore 

 part of the body — ^are marked with reddish-black. When fully grown, 

 this Bud-worm measures about one-half of an inch in length. 



This Bud-worm quite closely resembles the Apple-leaf Grumpier 

 (Phycita nebulo, Walsh,) which also lives in a case on Apple trees, 

 but is at once distinguished by the head, which in the latter is 

 nearly vertical and roughened, whereas in the Bud-worm it is nearly 

 horizontal and highly polished. The cases of these two insects also 

 differ considerably. That of the Apple-leaf Criimpler is of a black- 

 ish color, and tapers to one end, while that of the Bad-worm is 

 pale-yellowish, and of no definite shape, being usually a short tube 

 somewhat woolly on the outside, to which small pieces of dried 

 leaves are commonly attached. In a few rare instances I have found 

 its case nearly hidden from view by having a leaf drawn around it 

 and' fastened with silken threads ; but it is usually placed upon the 

 upper side of a leaf, in plain view. 



There is only one brood of these Bud-worms produced in one 

 season, and these reach their fall size about the middle of June. 

 They assume the chrysalis form soon after closing their cases, and 

 are changed to moths a week or so later. 



The fore-wings of the moth expand about one-half of an inch ; at 

 the base and tip of each wing is a large grayish-brown spot — that 

 at the base of the wing the darkest, that at the tip mottled with 

 white ; between these two spots the wing is white and is mottled 

 with grayish-brown, especially along the front edge of the wing. 

 The hind-wings are dusky. 



The tips of the branches infested with the Apple Bud-worms die 

 back to the base or the first perfect leaf. Here a new bud is 

 formed, which is destined to become the terminal bud, as the former 

 terminal bud is destroyed ; and the wood from this new bud to the 

 tip of the branch soon afterward dies and falls off. As this new 

 terminal branch does not grow from the extreme end of the branch 

 there will always be a curve at its base which greatly mars the 

 beauty of the tree, besides preventing it from growing as rapidly as 

 it otherwise would. 



The most relentless enemy of these Bud-worms is a small black 

 four-winged fly which deposits its eggs in the bodies of these worms, 

 only one egg being consigned to each worm. From this egg hatches 

 a small footless maggot, which lives within the body of the Bud- 

 w^orm until the latter has closed its case and prepared for pupation, 

 when the maggot issues from the body of the worm, soon after 

 —2 



