13 



exceptions are both fepiales, and dijBfer from the others only in the 

 ground color. In one this is pale yellow, and in the other it is 

 brownish strongly suffused with black. I am not acquainted with 

 any moth that would be at all likely to be mistaken for this species. 

 When the wings are closed the outer edges are nearly parallel with 

 each other, and the hind edge of one wing is nearly on a line with 

 the hind edge of the other. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



As the Greater Leaf-rollers during the greater part of their lives 

 are concealed from view, it is very probable that they suffer but 

 little from the attacks of predaceous birds and insects. However 

 this may be, their numbers are considerably lessened by the attacks 

 of a parasitic four-winged fly. I sent a specimen of this parasite 

 to E. T. Cresson for determination, but he was unable to ascertain 

 the species to which it belongs ; he informed me that it belongs to 

 the genus Glypha. 



The wings of this parasite are transparent, and expand about five- 

 eighths of an inch. The head, thorax and abdomen are jet black, and 

 there is usually a small, yellow spot just back of the middle of the thor- 

 ax, and a short streak of the same color in front of, and a little below 

 the insertion of each fore- wing ; the mouth parts are also yellowish. 

 The antennae are deep reddish-brown. The legs are reddish-brown, 

 and the tibiae and tarsi of the hindmost pair are blackish. The 

 female fly is provided at the tip of her abdomen with an exserted 

 ovipositor which measures a trifle over three-eighths of an inch in 

 length ; this is composed of three separate pieces, or threads, the 

 two uppermost of which are black and the lower one is dark red- 

 dish-brown,* 



The female fly punctures the body of the Leaf-roller and deposits 

 therein a single egg. From this egg is hatched a footless grub, of 

 a dull, bluish-white color, and .measuring when fully gro^vn about 

 one-half of an inch in length. This grub reaches its full size about 

 the same time that the Leaf-roller, whose body it inhabits, closes 

 its case and is prepared for pupation ; shortly after this the grub 

 issues from the body of its host and spins a thin, whitish, trans- 

 parent cocoon, of an oblong, elliptical shape, and measuring about 

 £.ve-eighths of an inch in length. Soon after completing its cocoon 

 the parasitic grub assumes the pupa form. 



The pupa is of a dull whitish color, and measures about seven- 

 sixteenths of an inch in length. The eyes are black and there is a 

 spot of the same color on top of the first, second and third abdom- 

 inal segments, that on the second segment being the largest ; the 

 wing-cases are tinged with black. The ovipositor of the female is 

 also tinged with black, and is bent over the back and soldered or 

 fastened to it, reaching nearly to the middle of the second abdomi- 

 nal segment. 



The flies of both broods issue in from eight to twelve days after 

 the grubs have spun their cocoons, and I have found them as late 



*This parasite very closely resembles the Pimpla inquisitor of Say, which I have bred 

 from the Apple-leaf crumpler {Phycita npftwto, Walsh), but is at once distinguished from it 

 by the yellow spot on the middle of the thorax above. 



