11 



their eggs, and from these a second brood is produced, which reach 

 their full growth in the latter part of July, producing the moths 

 during the first half of August. These probably deposit their eggs 

 soon afterward, and these remain unhatched until the following 

 spring. 



The Greater Leaf-rollers, when fully grown, measure about three- 

 fourths of an inch in length, and are of a green color, sometimes 

 tinged with yellow. Those of the latter color appear to be infested 

 with some disease. I have frequently tried to rear some of them to 

 the chrysalis state, and for this purpose placed them in separate 

 apartments of my breeding cage, but they all died before pupating, 

 and the interior of their bodies was filled with a blackish liquid. 

 Those of a green color are usually marked with lighter-colored pilif- 

 erous spots ; the spiracles are faintly ringed with pale brown, those 

 on each side of the first segment the most distinctly so, and beneath 

 each of the latter is usually one or two small brownish spots. The 

 head is very variable in its shades and markings, and presents the 

 following varieties : 



Var. A. — Uniform brownish-black. 



Var. B. — Brownish-black, the upper part of the face strongly 

 tinged with brown. 



Var. C. — Yellowish - brown, sometimes tinged with green, and 

 marked on each side with a black dot and streak — one or both of 

 these marks sometimes wanting. 



The cervical shield— a hard, polished spot on top of the first seg- 

 ment back of the head — is still more variable than the head, and 

 presents the following varieties : 



Var. A. — Brownish-black, sometimes tinged with green next the 

 head. 



Var. B. — Green, surrounded at the sides and behind with black, 



Var, C. — Green, bordered on each side with black, this sometimes 

 reduced to a dot or dash near the anterior or posterior end, 



Var. D. — Green, bordered behind with black. 



Var. E. — Yellowish-brown, surrounded at the sides and behind 

 with black, and with two dorsal dots of the same color near the 

 anterior edge. 



This colorational difference is not due to a diiference in their 

 ages, nor to a difference in their food plants. Neither do those 

 which have the head of one color invariably have the cervical shield 

 colored as in any one variety given above. Of those which have 

 the head colored as in variety B, some have the cervical shield 

 colored as in the same variety, while others, with similarly colored 

 heads, may have the cervical shield colored either as in variety C 

 or D. The young Leaf-rollers usually have the head and cervical 

 shield colored as in variety A ; but after casting their skins they 

 may have these parts colored as in any of the succeeding varieties. 

 The most common forms met with have the head and cervical shield 

 colored as m variety B. 



That this colorational difference is not ^produced by a difference 

 in the food plants of these insects I have abundant evidence, as I 

 have frequently found upon plants of the same species Greater Leaf- 

 rollers whose heads were colored alike, but in some the cervical 

 sheild was colored as in variety A, in others as in variety B, while 



