268 LLOYD’S NATURAL HISTORY 
caring for the young; here, in one insignificant little group of 
tiny birds, you have the ladies fighting duels to preserve the 
chastity of their husbands, and these latter sitting meekly in 
the nursery and tending the young.” 
Colonel Butler writes :—I found a nest containing four 
fresh eggs near Deesa on the oth August. I laid a horse-hair 
noose on each side of the tuft of grass under which it was 
placed, and on returning to the spot about a quarter of an 
hour later, [found the cock bird snared and sitting upon the 
eggs, probably not knowing that he was caught, as he did not 
move off the eggs until I frightened him.” 
Nest.—A slight hollow in the ground lined with dry grass 
and sheltered by an overhanging tuft of grass, &c. 
Eggs.—Three or four in number ; pyriform; ground colour 
dirty white with pale lilac under-markings densely covered with 
brown and yellow specks and with some larger black blotches. 
Average measurements, 0°93 by 0°79 inch. 
SUB-SP. A. THE ISLAND BUSTARD-QUAIL. TURNIX PUGNAX. 
Hemipodius pugnax, Temm. Pig. et Gall. lil. pp. 612, 754 
(1815). 
Turnix pugnax, Blyth, Ibis. 1867, p. 309; Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. 
B. Brit. Mus. xxii. p. 534 (1893). 
Adult Male—Similar to male of Z. ¢aigoor. 
Adult Female-——Chin and throat d/ack, but differs chiefly from 
the female of Z. ¢azgoor in having a fairly defined rufous collar 
round the back of the neck contrasting with the colour of the 
back, in this respect approaching Z: fasciata from the Philip- 
pine Islands. ‘Total length, 6°6 inches ; wing, 3'5 ; tail, 1°2 ; 
tarsus, I. 
Range.—South-Western Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, and Billiton. 
Il. THE PHILIPPINE BUSTARD-QUAIL. TURNIX FASCIATA. 
Hemipodius fasciatus, Temm. Pig. et Gall. ili, pp. 634, 757 
(1815). 
