THREE-TOED OR BUSTARD-QUAILS. 271 
species by having the shoulder-feathers margined with whz~e or 
whitish-grey , sides of the breast pale duff, contrasting strongly 
with the uniform rust-red centre, each feather with a heart- 
shaped black spot near the extremity; general colour above dull 
light red. Size larger. 
In the female the nape is generally nearly uniform dull light 
red, while in the male the scale-like margins to the feathers 
‘extend to the back of the head. 
Male: ‘Total length, 6 inches ; wing, 3'1; tail, 1°5; tarsus 
0°85. 
female: Total length, 7 inches; wing, 3°7; tail, 1°8; tarsus 
0'9. 
Range.—Southern Europe and North Africa. 
Habits.—In the vicinity of Tangier the Andalusian Bustard- 
Quail appears to be both resident and migratory, those which 
migrate passing northwards during May and June, and return- 
ing in September and October. 
Colonel Irby writes :—‘ Near Gibraltar this species is very 
local and nowhere plentiful, apparently less so than is really the 
case, for they are difficult birds to flush, and if put up once will 
rarely rise a second time. Scattered here and there, they chiefly 
frequent palmetto (Chamerops humtlts) scrub, and appear to 
e€ most common near the coast, being more abundant to the 
east of Queen of Spain’s Chair, especially about the Lomo del 
Rey and a place called Las Agusaderas. In their flight and 
habits, from what I could observe of them, they resemble the 
Indian Button-Quail (Z: dussumtert). 
“TI have often seen them among the rough grass and bents 
close to the seashore, but always near palmetto, and one bird 
in particular for a long time frequented a patch of thick her- 
bage near the mouth of the ‘ First River.’ : 
“The males of this species, and, I believe, of all the genus, 
are very much smaller than the females. This difference is so 
striking that the cazadores always declare that there are two 
