THREE-TOED OR BUSTARD-QUAILS. 279 
Turnix joudera, Gray, Gen. B. iii. pl. cxxxi. (1846); Hume & 
Marshall, Game Birds Ind. ii. p. 187, pl. (1879). 
Turnix dussumisri, Jerdon (xec Temm.), B. India, i. p. 599 
(1863). 
Adult Male-—Similar to the fema/e, but the markings on the 
upper-parts are coarser, and there is zo rufous nuchal collar. 
Total length, 5°3 inches; wing, 3; tail, 1; tarsus, 0°85. 
Adult Female——Like the female of TZ: blanfordi, but much 
smaller ; the back nearly uniform greyish-brown, with fine faint 
wavy bars of darker brown; the rufous nuchal collar wider. 
Total length, 5°5 inches ; wing, 3°4; tail, 1°1 ; tarsus, 0°85. 
Younger examples resemble immature specimens of Z. d/an- 
fordt, but are, of course, smaller. 
Range.—The Peninsula of India and east of the Bay of Ben- 
gal as far south as Tippera. 
Habits.—Colonel Tickell says:— This is a solitary bird, found 
scattered about here and there throughout Bengal in open, 
sandy, bushy places in and about jungles or fields and dry 
meadows in cultivated country; frequently in low, gravelly 
hills or uplands of ‘ Khunkur’ (nodular limestone). It is met 
with on both sides of the Ganges, at least as high up as 
Benares.” 
Mr. A.O. Hume says:—“‘ Its flight is even feebler and shorter 
than that of the Bustard Quail ( Z- zazgoor); it rises only when you 
are about to step on it, with occasionally a low double chirp, 
barely audible to my ears. When flushed it rises with much 
less noise and whirr than do the Bustard Quails. It glides bee- 
like through the air for a few paces, just skimming the waving 
tops of the grass, and drops suddenly, as if paralysed, almost 
before you can bring your gun to the shoulder. 
*‘ Smart little dogs will readily find it after it has thus drop- 
ped, and as often as not (so pertinaciously does it cling to its 
hiding-place) will seize it on the ground, but with only beaters 
