the body in each. The effect of this amount of infestation on the 
timothy crop itself must certainly have been considerable, and the 
conditions were, of course, unusually dangerous to the corn crop fol- 
lowing. 
The Injury to Corn. 
The injury to corn had resulted variously, the differences being 
probably due to the age of the plant when injured, and to the num- 
ber of punctures made in a single stalk. In many cases, as will be 
presently shown, the stalk had been killed, doubtless when the plant 
was still quite young. In other cases the stalk, though nearly or 
quite full grown, had fallen to the ground in consequence of a de- 
ficient root development, brace-roots being indeed practically lack- 
ing. Injured stalks were also smaller than normal just above the 
ground and at the joints higher up, and were likely to lean from the 
base or to bend at the weakened joints. A considerable percentage 
of the stalks in hills which had been infested had never formed the 
ear (at least 33 per cent, of these stalks being barren, as against 4 
per cent, in uninfested hills), and on a much larger percentage of 
them the ear was either a small nubbin or imperfectly filled out. It 
was the owner's opinion that the worst-infested parts of the field 
averaged about twenty bushels of corn to the acre, and that the part 
not infested yielded from forty-five to fifty-five bushels.* 
*A letter received from Mr. H. L. Jones, of Geneva, 111., since this manuscript was pre- 
pared, makes mention of an effect of bill-bug' infestation which has not previously been noticed, 
and describes also his method of diminishing- the damag-e. He says: "I had a rather expem- 
sive experience with bill-bugs last season on a pasture plowed in spring. They appeared when 
the corn was four to six inches hig-h, and crippled it badly in spots so that the injured inner 
leaf would br^ak over and curl up, thereby preventing- the next inner leaf from coming- out 
and thus dwarfing- the stalk. I immediately put men and boys into the field, who replanted 
the destroyed hills and picked the curled tops from all the daniag-ed stalks, in this way saving- 
nearl^- all the crop. This corn husked seventy bushels per acre where I am sure that it Would 
have yielded eitrhty bushels but for the damage sustained. If the curled leaves had not been 
picked from the tops of the plants, I think that the crop would not have been more than fifty 
bushels. The labor cost about SS.OO for twelve acres, and it might help some other man to 
know my experience in saving part of a crop." 
General Results of the Injury. 
As affecting the whole Plant. — For a precise comparison of the 
condition of uninjured corn with that of corn attacked by the bill- 
bugs, 328 hills were carefully selected as representing the average 
condition of infested and uninfested hills in this field. One hun-, 
dred and sixty- four of these were free from injury, and each of 
the remaining 164 contained injured stalks. There were, in all, 363 
stalks in the uninjured hills and 313 in the injured hills, — a differ- 
ence indicating that 50 stalks, or 14 per cent, of the whole, had been 
killed by the bill-bugs. In the uninjured hills 306 stalks were stand- 
ing erect, 29 were leaning, and 28 had fallen to the ground. In the 
injured hills 64 stalks were standing, 99 were leaning, and 150 had 
