36 
fields of corn which have received the protection of our barriers are 
quite uninjured and practically free from chinch-bugs." The small 
sprinkling of the insects to be found in any of the fields had doubt- 
less flown in as they reached maturity. The actual cost for coal- 
tar was $8.85, and for kerosene and soap it was $2.55. The labor 
necessary to the operation was 28 days' work of a man and 2 
of a team, the latter for making the back furrow, for rolling the 
ground, and for hauling the tar and kerosene emulsion to the field. 
It should be noticed that this defensive operation was as com- 
plete and as expensive as would have been necessary if the chinch- 
bugs had been ten times as numerous in the wheat. That is, the 
labor and cost would have been no greater to protect the corn against 
the danger of a loss ten times as great as it would have suffered if 
the bugs actually in the wheat this year had been allowed to go their 
way. 
The Fairman Bxperiment. — Near Fairman, in Marion county, 
a large field of wheat on the farm of Mr. Wm. Meredith, moderately 
infested by chinch-bugs, was selected for experiment. This field 
was bordered for eighty rods by a field of corn, from which it was 
separated by a wire fence. Operations were begun here June 30, 
when the wheat was already ripe, harvesting being in progress at 
the side of the field farthest from the corn. To protect the latter 
crop a double barrier was made within the margin of the wheat 
field," where two swathes of the grain were cut to give room for 
the operation. 
A strip five feet wide the whole length of the field was plowed 
and thoroughly pulverized, and a deep dusty furrow was then made 
in the middle of it; and a strip two feet outside this was also pre- 
pared for the tar line, various parts of it by different methods. 
Preparation of the Dusty Furrozu. — Although wet weather pre- 
vented the continuous use of the dusty furrow as a barrier to the 
movement of the chinch-bugs, and compelled a reliance on the coal- 
tar line instead, the method used in preparing the former is well 
worthy of description. First, a furrow was plowed about seven 
inches deep and fourteen inches wide the whole length of the field in 
the center of the stubble border. On the return a second furrow 
was made immediately beside the first, the dirt from which was 
thrown back into the first furrow, leaving no unplowed earth be- 
tween them. The land was then widened by plowing back and forth, 
throwing the earth toward the center each time, until six furrows 
had been made. This strip, about six feet wide, was then harrowed 
ten times with a common disk harrow, and twice with a straight- 
toothed harrow, leaving the ground level, thoroughly pulverized, 
