51 
it would singe. Tlie burner was used when running at full force. 
The effects were about as follows, examinations being made at sev- 
eral days' intervals : — 
"The trunk and smaller limbs of an apple-tree were thoroughly 
treated. This tree was badly infested with Forbes and scurfy scales, 
and also had on it considerable woolly aphis. The last-mentioned 
insects were killed where they were completely burned off the limb ; 
but where only the woolly covering was burned off, and the insect 
not actually caused to drop, there was little apparent injury. The 
Forbes scale appears not to have been injured, except the young not 
yet old enough to form a scale. The scurfy scale was not injured. 
The smaller limbs were sufficiently treated to cause the bark to 
blister in spots, without having any apparent effect on mature 
scales of either kind. 
"I have tried the burner under ordinary pressure at different 
times against various other insects and foliage. A colony of fall 
web-worms in a box-elder tree was treated, and a number of worms 
that fell were placed in a cage in the insectary. These were given 
plenty of fresh food, ^and did not appear to be inconvenienced by 
the lack of hairs on their bodies. They grew, and some of them 
pupated. Most of the remainder were parasitized, and the few that 
died were full grown at death. The parasites emerged in due time 
and were preserved. 
"Arctian caterpillars (woolly bears) treated to the full force 
of the burner for ten to fifteen seconds, or even longer, had the 
hair thoroughly singed from their bodies, and some were blistered. 
The majority of these finished their growth and pupated. I could 
see no greater mortality among them than ordinarily occurs with 
this species under insectary conditions. Several cabbage-worms 
were treated until they rolled from the leaves. Most of these were 
not permanently injured, and those that died were burned so badly 
that the outer skin was broken. To produce this effect upon a 
caterpillar it must be treated with a direct blaze long enough to 
cause the leaves to curl and blacken on the plants. 
"Meadow moths (Cranibus) flying about in the grass were 
singed with tlie flame. Some of these would fly through the flame 
so close to the burner that the hair on one's hand would be quickly 
singed off, but they were usually uninjured by this experience. To 
kill one of these moths it had to be followed with the flame until 
some parts were burned sufficiently to cause it to fall, when it could 
of course be easily disposed of. 
"Lilac leaves badly infested with mildew were thoroughly 
treated, the burner being held at varying distances and acting for 
