63 
The Lime and Sulphur Mixtures. 
Seventeen preparations with a lime and sulphur basis were used 
in these experiments. They included various forms of the "Cali- 
fornia wash" and the "Oregon wash," and mixtures of lime and sul- 
phur without the salt necessary to the former or the blue vitriol neces- 
sary to the latter. These preparations varied in the kind of lime 
used in making them, in the proportions of the various ingredients, 
and in the length of time during which the mixtures were boiled to 
procure the solution. Two compounds purporting to be ready-made 
solutions of lime and sulphur were used, known respectively as "Cal- 
cothion" and "Con Sol." 
Major Experiments. — Eleven of these experiments, in which 
more than 50 trees were treated, will be reported first, in the order 
of their final effectiveness. 
1. This was a lime and sulphur wash made of 15 pounds of Mar- 
blehead lump-lime and an equal weight of sulphur to 50 gallons of 
water. The sulphur was first put into 12 gallons of water nearly at 
the boiling point, after being mixed with enough water to form a 
thin paste. The lime was then added and the mixture was boiled for 
40 minutes with the necessary stirring. The whole was strained 
into a 50-gallon tank which was then filled with water. 
Fifty-one trees were treated March 22, 1905, in the less-infested 
orchard (Orchard II.), at a sufficient distance from the check strip 
to prevent any possible spread of the young scales to the experi- 
mental plot. The trees on this plot were compared September 10 
with those in the two central rows of the check plot — which was six 
rows wide — both being carefully graded as to degree of infestation 
according to the system already described. The check trees aver- 
aged at this time 5.6 degrees of infestation, estimated on a scale of 
six degrees. Those of the experimental plot, on the other hand, 
averaged 1.2 degrees — a difference of 4.4 degrees in favor of the 
experimental plot, or a ratio of benefit of 79 per cent.* In other 
words, the number of living San Jose scales on this experimental 
plot was virtually one fifth that which would have been present Sep- 
tember 10 if no treatment had been applied. 
Finally, if we compare the condition of this experimental plot 
September 10 with the condition of the same plot January 3, when 
the trees were first inspected, we find that the September infestation 
averages just one half that of January. 
2. This was also a lime and sulphur mixture, differing from the 
*To ascertain this ratio, the figures denoting the infestation of the experimental 
plot are subtracted from those of the check plot, giving 4.4 per cent, as the difference, 
and this divided by 5.6, the measure of infestation of the check trees, gives 79 per cent. 
