65 
Thirty pounds of sulphur was first stirred into 20 gahons of boihng 
water, and 30 pounds of lime was added. The mixture was then 
boiled for thirty minutes, with constant stirring, after which 30 
pounds of salt was added and the boiling was continued for 1 5 min- 
utes more. The mixture was then diluted with water to form one 
hundred gallons, and applied March 21 to 66 trees of Orchard II., 
standing in four rows at a considerable distance from the check. 
Examined May 29, this plot was reported to be in excellent con- 
dition, with but few living old scales and scarcely any young. Of 
100 scales taken at random, 15 were alive — a ratio which, however, 
would have but little significance, two months having elapsed since 
the trees were sprayed. On a visit to these trees made September 10, 
this plot showed an average of 1.8 degrees of infestation, cor- 
responding to a benefit of 68 per cent, as compared with the condi- 
tion of the check at the time. If the comparison be made with 
the January condition of the same plot, the September condition 
shows a gain of 37 per cent. 
5. This, like the preceding number, is a "California wash," but 
with 21 pounds of lime, 18 pounds of sulphur, and 5 pounds of salt, 
to 50 gallons of water. It was prepared, like the preceding mixture, 
by pouring the sulphur into the water first, and following with the 
lime. 
It was applied March 22 to 49 trees standing in three rows of 
Orchard II., seven rows intervening between this plot and the check. 
yia.y 29, scattering full-grown females were seen, but young were 
extremely few. Only 7 were found on 5 trees. The bark was still 
covered with an even whitish coat at this date — two months after 
spraying. Of 148 scales examined, 20 were alive. On September 10 
the average infestation was estimated at 1.9 degrees, which, com- 
pared with the check rows, gave a benefit ratio of 67 per cent. That 
is, the scales alive on these trees were approximately one third the 
number which the trees would have borne if they had not been 
treated the preceding March. Compared with the January esti- 
mate, the September infestation was about 25 per cent. less. In 
other words, the effect of the spray up to this time had been to 
counterbalance the increase of the scale by multiplication, and to re-' 
duce the original number by one fourth. 
6. The usual "California wash," made with 15 pounds each of 
lime, sulphur, and salt, to 50 gallons of water, the lime being first 
slaked, and the sulphur added in the form of a paste. The mixture 
was then boiled for 30 minutes, and the salt was added and the 
whole boiled 1 5 minutes more. 
Sixty-eight trees of Orchard II. were treated March 21. They 
