72 
One additional inference may be ^Irawn from a comparison of 
Experiments i and 4 on the one hand with 3 and 6 on the other. In 
each of the former pair the Hme was slaked in water in which the 
sulphur had been first stirred up. In each of the latter pair the lime 
was put in first, and the sulphur was added during the slaking proc- 
ess. That there is an apparent advantage in the first method of 
preparation is shown by the difference of 5 degrees of benefit be- 
tween Experiments i and 3, and 4 degrees of benefit between Experi- 
ments 4 and 6. It thus appears that solutions made by stirring thq 
sulphur into the hot water first and adding the lime to this mixture, 
are more efficient than if the order of procedure is reversed. 
It follows from this discussion, as a general conclusion, that 
simple solutions of lime and sulphur made by boiling, without salt 
or blue vitriol, the sulphur being added to the water first, had 
much the best insecticide effect in these orchards; that the March 
spraying was nearly twice as effective as the January spraying ; and 
that the soda solutions of lime and sulphur made without heat had 
a final efficiency less than half that of the boiled solutions applied at 
the same time. 
Minor Experiments. — Six experiments with other lime and sul- 
phur mixtures were made on too small a scale to compare with the 
eleven preceding, but with results which seem to me worthy of rec- 
ord, particularly as they are fairly uniform for this group of insecti- 
cides notwithstanding the small number of trees used in each ex- 
periment. 
From 5 to 12 trees were sprayed with various forms of the 
"Oregon wash," with "Calcothion," and with "Con Sol," all in 
]\Iarch from the 22d to the 24th, and all in Orchard II. Four of the 
insecticides used were forms of the "Oregon wash" made with dif- 
ferent brands of hydrated lime instead of ordinary lump-lime from 
the kiln. In all cases 20 pounds of the lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, 
and 13^ pounds of blue vitriol were used to 50 gallons of water, the 
only difference being in respect to the kind of lime, the so-called 
Wisconsin "Lim'ate" being used in one, the Marblehead hydrated 
lime in two others, and the Delaware "Limoid" in the fourth. These 
were applied in each case to 11 or 12 trees, and the effect was ascer- 
tained by the inspection method used in the larger experiments. 
The resulting benefits ranged from 56 to 61 per cent., as tested 
by the September inspection, using the September condition of the 
check plot of Orchard II. as a basis of comparison. These mixtures, 
with their average benefit of 58 per cent., were apparently less effi- 
cient than the California washes used at the same time, which give 
a benefit of 65 per cent. The "Calcothion," applied cold without di- 
