115 
A conspicuous and very efficient 
enemy is a small hemispherical lady- 
bug {Hyperaspis hinotata, Fig. 7) 
about an eighth of an inch long, jet- 
black, with a small dark-red spot on 
each side of the middle. It is often 
seen on the leaves of infested trees 
and on plants beneath. The white 
thick-bodied larvse of this species 
(Fig. 7, nJ), which feed on the eggs 
of the scale, may often be found 
buried in the egg-mass or crawling 
about on the twigs. The pupa of 
this ladybug is formed within the 
cottony egg-mass, and soon changes to the adult. The beetles pass 
the winter wherever they may find shelter about the tree or on the 
ground beneath. The larger but similarly-colored "twice-stabbed 
ladybug" {Chilocoriis hivulnerus, Fig. 8), with its black spiny 
larva, also destroys many maple scales. 
Fig. 7. A I,adybug-, Hyperasl<is hino- 
tata. enemy of cottony maple scale: a, 
adult; d, larva; l\ c, antenna and palpus 
of adult. Adult about J3 as long- as C/it- 
locorus hivulnerus, similarly colored; 
larva, white. (Sanders, U.S. Department 
"f Agriculture.) 
Fig. 8. A Ladybug-, Chilocoriis hivulnerus, larva, pupa, and adult, enemy of cottony 
maple scale. Natural size indicated at right; color black, adult with two red spots. 
(Comstock, U. S. Department of Agriculture.) 
Summary. 
1. Injuries by the cottony maple scale are commonly periodical. 
A period of destructive abundance and following scarcity extends, 
on an average, over eight or ten years, the disappearance of the in- 
sect being apparently due in the main to depredations by its insect 
enemies. 
2. A partial exception to the foregoing statement is presented by 
the existing outbreak in northeastern Illinois, and especially in Chi- 
cago, where the maple scale has continued injurious for at least six 
years, and gives no marked present evidence of a general decline in 
numbers. 
