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to emerge August 8 — larvae from these being found August 15. In 
Connecticut, pupae and many grown larvae occurred June 7 (Britton) ; 
a pupa formed June 5 gave the moth June 18; most of the moths dis- 
appeared by July 15 (in a certain barn) ; the first larvae of the second 
generation were taken in a stack of clover September 1 ; and larvae 
were not found in barn.^ until two or three weeks later. 
In Illinois the hay-worm is destructive in winter and spring, as 
elsewhere. The records of the State Entomologist refer to its occurrence 
January 6 at Griggsville ; February 4, Midland City ; February 18, 
Shelbyville; March 25, Deland ; April 6, Fillmore; May 21, Ridge- 
farm ; and May 27, Parkersburg. A correspondent in Shelbyville re- 
ported the caterpillar from cheat, mixed with wheat and timothy. 
The office notes include a great many records of the capture of 
the moths from June 2 onward. June 6, two moths, numerous pupae, 
and a great many larvae were present in a box of infested clover hay 
received from Parkersburg; and other moths issued June 10, 19, and 
20. Dr. Forbes recorded moths of this species as being abundant July 
10 to 20 and far less abundant July 28. They disappear about the last 
of July — those of the first generation — after flying thruout the months 
of June and July. The moths of the second brood appear a little be- 
fore the middle of August. Aloths are constantly seen from that time 
until the middle of October, but the last of these perhaps represent a 
third generation. 
In the breeding-cage, eggs may be laid on growing clover heads, 
as appears from Webster's experiments, hence it is possible that the 
same thing occurs in the field. 
Out-of-doors, the moths are seen flitting about clover stacks at 
dusk or in cloudy weather (June 29, Ohio). At night they often get 
into houses and fly toward the lights. 
The caterpillars, of all sizes, can be found at any time during the 
winter, and in a barn they are active when everything outside is frozen. 
Warmth and moisture are greatest at the bottom of the clover, and 
there these caterpillars flourish. When you pick them up they are 
likely to wriggle out of your hand ; they can wriggle backward as 
well as forward. They spin a lot of silk, and construct little silken 
cases for themselves, as do the clothes moths; they are continually 
.spinning, and are often seen hanging from a thread of silk. These 
caterpillars are gregarious, or sociable ; they gather together while they 
are feeding, tho they separate and wander when full grown and ready 
to make their cocoons. 
No insect enemies of this pest are as yet known. 
Control. — In a barn, old refuse clover-hay should be removed and 
burned if this insect is present, before new clover is put in. A stack 
of clover hay should be raised above the groimd on a foundation of 
logs or rails, in order to keep the bottom of the stack as dry and cool 
as possible. It has been found that salting the hay at the bottom for 
two or three feet will preserve it from injury. Some farmers habitu- 
ally salt their clover hay, using about two quarts of salt to the ton. 
