Ill 
with the head upward. The beetle (Fig. 29) after issuing from the 
pupa lingers in the burrow for a while, and then escapes by gnawing 
a round hole straight thru the wall of the stem. These exit openings 
are rather conspicuous. 
Fig. 27. 
Fig. 28. 
Fig. 29. 
Clover Stem-borer, Languria mosardi: Fig. 27, larva, in clover stem; Fig. 28, pupa, in same, — 
both twice natural length; Fig. 29, beetle, on clover stem, slightly enlarged. 
Natural Enemies. — Comstock mentioned two parasites that he 
found in the burrows of this stalk-borer : a small black chalcid, with a 
dark naked pupa ; and a yellowish ichneumonid, the pupa of which is 
enclosed in a delicate white silken cocoon. C. M. Weed gave a figure 
and made brief mention of such a chalcid. I have found the chalcid 
— probably the same one- — in considerable numbers by examining an 
immense number of stems. The egg of the parasite is found beside 
that of the stem-borer, and hatches a little later than the latter egg. 
The chalcid larva bites into the Languria larva and feeds upon it as an 
external parasite. Now and then the chalcid larva detaches itself 
from its host, but finds the latter again whenever necessary. The 
Languria larva dies ; the parasite survives and becomes a naked pupa 
in the burrow, from which the adult emerges by cutting a minute 
round hole thru the wall of the stem. 
Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the parasite were most frequent in the 
burrows July 6 to 8. The adult chalcids issued from July 11 to Au- 
gust 5, — most numerously, however, in the last week of July. Au- 
gust 26 nearly all the Langnria burrows were empty, and the stems 
showed the exits of the host and those of the parasite. 
An ichneumonid cocoon taken in a Languria burrow by me Au- 
gust 7 gave the adult August 11. 
Neither of these species has been determined. 
