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are present, but are very small. Almost always the bugs are found in 
groups composed of individuals of various sizes, the largest being 2.5 
mm. in length. Usually, also, these mealy bugs are accompanied by 
ants. 
As yet we know of the presence of this species in New York, 
Delaware, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, and Kentucky only, but may 
safely assume that it occurs in many other states. 
This coccid is common on both red and white clover, and has 
been reported from the sugar-beet by R. H. Pettit. 
Tho these mealy bugs may be found in moderate numbers on the 
roots of plants that appear to be healthy, the easiest way to find them 
is to examine clover plants that are more or less wilted. Unaided by 
other insects, the mealy bug often kills the clover plant. At first a few 
leaves droop ; then as these wilt and die other leaves droop, until 
finally all the leaves are dead. No new leaves come forth. With 
sufficient rain, however, the plant revives if not too far gone. On the 
other hand, drought intensifies the efifect of this sap-sucking insect. 
Furthermore, the plant may suffer at the same time from the root- 
borer, the leaf-weevil or the clover-louse, or from disease, old age, 
poor soil, overpasturage, etc. 
A certain proportion of the larvae go from the roots to the leaves 
to feed, and may cause the leaves to turn yellow and to die. 
The fact that the injury from this insect is not wide-spread is ac- 
counted for by the feeble ability of the wingless females to go from 
one place to another, and the habit of the somewhat more active larvae 
to stay on the same plant. I have never found the species on first- 
year red clover, tho its occasional occurrence on such clover might be 
expected ; the spread of the insect is very gradual ; second-year clover 
is aftected in a sporadic way, except in a few localities where the in- 
sect has obtained a foothold; and the worst injury is done to clover, 
either volunteer or cultivated, that has run for more than two years. 
Stages. — The winter female was described by Forbes as follows : 
"The body is elliptical, broadly and equally rounded at both ends, 
nearly circular in transverse vertical section, distinctly segmented ; 
surface covered with waxy bloom, smooth except for a few small 
hairs at the anal extremity. Feet, eyes, and antennas minute. The 
body is .11 of an inch long, a little more than half as wide, and a little 
less than half as deep ; the abdomen decidedly shorter than the head 
and thorax ; the antennae .006 of an inch long, their length less than 
the distance between their bases, obscurely seven-jointed [Fig. 33, a] ; 
the first joint as wide as long; the second a little shorter and much 
narrower than the first ; the third and fourth a little smaller than the 
second and not distinctly divided; the fifth and sixth distinct, equal 
in length, and about equal to the first; the seventh long, cylindrical, 
equal to the two preceding, obtusely pointed at tip. Entire antenna 
minutely sparsely hairy under a high power. Eyes simple, consisting 
of a single ocellus and a black speck on the side of the head, directly 
behind the antenna, the third joint of which will about reach them. 
