50 
men may survive the winter and be taken abroad in April, or even 
in May. 
From the foregoing statements it is evident that the time of cut- 
ting trees, whether to thin the grove or for commercial use, is an 
important item in the control of this beetle. All such cutting should 
be done between October i and April i, care being taken that all 
trees showing the presence of the borer are selected for removal. 
The bark should then be taken off, and the brush and rubbish should 
be burned. Simply to kill the larvae and borers in badly infested 
and damaged trees, these should be cut and destroyed in May and 
June, when their condition can be readily detected ; but the Work 
should be completed by the time the flowers have all fallen from 
the trees, as otherwise the borers may mature and escape. Where 
the beetles are abundant on the goldenrod. they may be attracted and 
killed, according to Dr. A. D. Hopkins, by smearing molasses 
poisoned with arsenic upon the trees, due account being taken of 
the fact that honey-bees are liable to destruction by this poison, and 
that it should not be used where these are kept. Unsuccessful ex- 
periments were made by one of my assistants, Mr. W. P. Flint, in 
1910, with a mixture of sugar and vinegar, and another of sugar 
and alcohol. Altho attractive to a variety of other insects, the 
beetles of the locust-borer paid no attention to them. Tanglefoot, 
on the other hand, placed on the trees September 16, when the 
beetles were freely running about mating and laying their eggs, 
disabled the beetles and put a stop to their operations. 
Highly useful directions for the management of locust plan- 
tations in a way to prevent injury by borers, are contained in Bidle- 
tin 58 of the Bureau of Entomology of the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, printed in 19 10. 
The Oak Twig-pruner 
{ElapJiidion villosuui Fabr. ) 
Among the more striking and curious kinds of insect injury to 
trees are those which take the form of amputation of twigs and" 
small branches during the growing season^ — an injury which seems 
purposeless and excessive until one sees just how it benefits the 
author of it. 
The oak twig-pruner (Fig. 56) is one of the best known Ameri- 
can insects with this habit of injury, affecting, as it does, a large 
variety of trees and shrubs, and injuring most frequently some of 
the commonest and most useful species. It is best known, perhaps, 
for its work on oaks, hickories, and maples, altho it has been re- 
ported to attack also apple, peach, pear, plum, quince, locust, redbud, 
sumach, Osage orange, fir, grape, and climbing bittersweet. In Illi- 
nois we have bred it from oaks, hickories, persimmon, and peach, 
