70 
period of usefulness by burrowing into them not far above or 
below the surface of the ground; and Gahan* has added further 
details on the same injury. 
The species has a wide distribution, ranging from the Atlantic 
coast westward to Arizona and southern California, and northward 
to Ontario, Canada. 
DATA FROM OFFICE RECORDS 
An apple tree on my place was blown down December 9, 1899, 
and its base was found honeycombed by larv?e. Infested portions 
were placed in a breeding cage, and beetles of Parandra bninnea 
emerged July 17, 19, and 21, and August 7. 
When on the grounds of a large Illinois nursery near Springfield, 
August 27, 1904, my attention was called to large apple orchards 
which were l)eing seriously injured by borers, supposed to be the 
Fig. 3. Heart-wood Borer, Par- 
audia brunnea, male at right, fe- 
male at left. Very slightly 
enlarged. (U. S. Dept. of Agricul- 
ture.) 
Fig. 3. Heart-wood Borer. I'arandra brunnea, 
male adult. 
common round-headed Ijorer (Sapcvda auidida). U was reported 
that the infestation had been evident since June, and that altho 
there were few pup?e in the wood at the time, they had been very 
common earlier in the season, up to about three weeks before. This 
agrees closely wnth the breeding of adults just mentioned. It was 
said that nearly all the old trees had been heavily infested, and 
several larv?e were found even in young nursery stock. The owner 
and his foreman agreed that the larv.ne attacked healthy wood and 
even healthy trees, so that much damage was shown. 
*Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. TV, p. 299. ** 
