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from which its work may be distinguished by the fact that it is most- 
ly in the heart-wood at the base, instead of under the bark of the 
branches — its larva, by its thick thorax and small low-set head — 
and its adult, by its chestnut red-brown color, not gray with con- 
spicuous broad white stripes. 
Anomala binotata Gyll. 
There are several species related to the common May-beetles, 
which in the larval form are closely similar, except for their smaller 
size, to the white-grubs, or May-beetle larvae, not only in general 
appearance, but more or less in habits also. Among these are the 
various species of Anomala. Like the May-beetles, the Anoinala 
beetles are well-known leaf-eaters; but scarcely anything is def- 
initely known of the life histories of the species in their immature 
stages. The following observations on Anomala binotata, altho 
incomplete, seem worthy of publication. 
In the spring of 1907 the beetles were noticed in unusual num- 
bers near Leroy, McLean county, by Mr. E. O. G. Kelly, at that 
time an assistant of this office. They were first found by him March 
29, among old corn roots. May 8 they began to fly and were 
seen on the wing all day long in oats and wheat fields. By the 
loth of the month they had become quite abundant in all fields and 
grass lands. May 17 they were especially numerous in corn fields, 
some of them mating, and females were making vertical burrows in 
the ground for the purpose of laying their eggs. As if to attract 
the males, those resting on the ground sometimes spread their 
wings and antennae, and soon thereafter one or more males flew 
against the wind to each female, and copulation followed. In one 
case this lasted 35 minutes, after which the female entered a nearby 
burrow, presumably prepared by her. Mating operations continued 
until May 20, and the beetles were still present May 28, when Mr. 
'Kelly ended his work at this place. 
In the fall of 1907 (September 13 to October 16) another as- 
sistant of the office, Mr. J. J. Davis, while collecting white-grubs 
behind the plow in various parts of central Illinois, noticed con- 
siderable numbers of small pupae very similar to those of May- 
beetles except for the much smaller size ; and these were shown by 
rearing to be Anomala binotata. The first adult was found in the 
field October 3 within a pupal cell, and the last, October 21. Pupae 
collected September 13 and 17 gave adults September 18 and 28, 
and another lot, taken October 9, became adult October 12 to 26. 
In all, 18 adults and 58 pupae were found in the fields examined. 
Each of the pupae was accompanied by the cast larval skin, and all 
had evidently been formed during the summer or fall. 
