77 
the different larvae of this genus known to cause injuries to fruits 
was pubhshed by Prof. M. V. Shngerland in Bulletin 123 of the 
Cornell Experiment Station. On the Pacific coast it has been found 
that species of Tccniocainpa are very destructive in orchards, one 
eating the fruit buds and then the leaves when they appear, another 
eating out cavities in the fruit after the manner of Xylina. The lar- 
vae observed by us in Illinois apparently all belonged to Tcuniocainpa 
alia and Xylina antciuiata, the former being decidedly the more 
abundant. Tccniocainpa alia was reared by Fitch on apple leaves 
about 1856, and consequently appears in Lintner's lists of apple 
insects. 
The eastern species are widely distributed in the United States 
and Canada, and serious injury due to them has been reported from 
Canada, New York, Michigan and Missouri. 
Fig. 11. Greea Fruit-worm, ruvii'ocawipa aliaC), larva, enlarged. 
(Cornell Experiment Station.) 
Pig. 18. Green Fruit-worm, Xylina antennata, larva, en- 
larged. (Cornell Experiment Station.) 
The larvae feed during May and early June. When mature they 
enter the ground, and by muscular movements form a smooth-walled 
cavity one to three inches below the surface. Our collections of 
these pupa^ sliow that, as a rule, they are within an inch of the sur- 
face, sometimes even on the surface beneath leaves and other rub- 
bish within the area overspread by the branches of the tree. Xylina 
spins a thin cocoon within the cavity ; Tccniocampa does not. In this 
cavity they change to a dark brown mummy-like chrysalis, or pupa. 
This change takes place in Tccniocampa soon after the formation- of 
