78 
the cavity, and the pupa remains therein (hiring the remainder of 
the season and over winter, emerging early in spring as a brown 
moth. The larv?e of Xylitia antennata, on the other hand, remain 
in the cavity unchanged until late summer or early fall and then 
change to the pupa, emerging just about a month later as gray moths, 
which winter over about the bases of the trees. In any case the 
moths lay their eggs in spring, and there is probably only one gen- 
eration of larv^ in a season. 
The usual method of destroying these pests is to spray the 
trees with an arsenical poison. On account, however, of the small 
amount of the surface of the fruit eaten away by them, it has 
been found necessary to increase the frequency and strength of the 
applications to the limit of safety. The best time for spraying is 
when the larvae are still quite young and just beginning to attack the 
fruit. This is about the first of May in the southern half of Illinois, 
and a week or more later northward. 
Slingerland suggests jarring the trees, as for the plum-curculio, 
and says that this can be made more effective by encircling the 
trunk with some sticky band to prevent the caterpillars jarred down 
from climbing back into the tree. This method has already been 
used successfully in California agamst the Tccniocainpa ]arv?e, and 
may prove to l)e the most effective way of dealing with the fruit- 
worms generally. Koebele says of Tcciiiocaiiipa pacifica that if a 
tree be only slightly shaken, all the full-grown larvcT will drop, and 
that by jarring trees in the early morning the worms may be gath- 
ered and destroyed. 
Feeding exposed, as they do, these caterpillars are too subject 
to destruction by parasites and other enemies to become injuriously 
numerous every year, and it is only now and then, under circum- 
stances unusually favorable to them, that they multiply at a rate to 
bring them to the serious attention of the fruit grower. 
T.^iNIOCAMPA AUA GuEN. 
The species bred by us to Tccniocampa alia was collected mostly 
in the pupal stage from the soil beneath apple trees. Our larv?e 
were mostly Xylina antennata \ the few larvcT of Tccniocampa tlmi 
were taken were not recognized as different from the others until 
they had reached the pupal stage, and the examples preserved do 
not show the color pattern distinctly enough to permit a compari- 
son with those of the species of Xylina. Slingerland's rearings 
demonstrated that there were in New York three species of Xylina 
among the green fruit-worms, antennata, grotei and laticinerca. In 
larval pattern and pupal structure (according to him) laticinerca 
differs markedly from the other two. The Tccniocampa pupae 
clasely agree with those of X. laticinerca, as described by Slinger- 
