106 
killing their hosts. Minute wasp-like adults emerge from the co- 
coons, and deposit eggs in the bodies of other cabbage-worms. This 
parasite {Apantclcs glonicratits) is a valuable friend to the cabbage 
and cauliflower grower, and it is sometimes abundant enough to free 
the field of cabbage-worms, at least for the time being. Many gar- 
deners make the serious mistake of destroying- the cocoons of this 
parasite, believing them to be the eggs of the white butterfly. 
Another parasite, Ptcromalns puparum, kills many pup?e, or 
chrysalides, of this cabbage-worm, and materially decreases the num- 
ber of the next generation. Often the chrysalides from which the 
butterfly should have emerged, are dark brownish to black, and when 
broken open will be found to contain many maggot-like larv?e or 
dark brown pupae. These have developed from eggs deposited in 
the living chrysalides by adults oi Pteroiiialus puparum, which, like 
the parasite of the larvae, is a small wasp-like insect. I have reared 
48 to 58 of the.se parasites from single chrysalides. 
In one large gardening district where cabbage and cauliflower 
are grown extensively, I could not find a single living worm or 
chrysalis August 26, 1908, altho a few weeks before l)Oth had been 
abundant. All had been killed by their parasites. 
Remedial Measures. — The following remedies are equally ef- 
fective for any of the several caterpillars feeding on cabbage leaves, 
with the exception of cutworms, which will be treated later. 
The use of arsenicals on cabbage and cauliflower is often dis- 
couraged because of the supposed danger to the consumer. Experi- 
ments with arsenate of lead and Paris green have been made, both 
in New York and in Kentucky, in which the sprayed plants were 
analyzed to determine the amount of poison remaining on them. 
It was found that only a slight trace, if any, was present — in no 
case enough to be dangerous, even if all were consumed by one per- 
son. Cauliflower, however, should not be sprayed after the "flower" 
has begun to form, nor should caljljages 1)e sprayed after thev are 
two-thirds grown. 
Paris green is one of the standard remedies, and is more used 
today in spraying for cabbage-worms than any other insecticide. It 
may be applied dry or suspended in water, and specific directions for 
either use of it are given at the end of this article (pages 149-150). 
A resin-lime mixture has been highly recommended by Mr. F. .\. 
Sirrine,* who, after experiments with it, concluded that the yield of 
cabbages was increased 60 to 100 percent by the treatment. He 
figures the cost of it at about $2.00 an acre. Two a|)plications are 
usually sufficient. Directions for the preparation of this mixture 
also may be found on page 150. 
*A Spraying Mixture for Cauliflower and Cabbage-worms. Bull. N. Y. Agr. 
Expcr. Station, No. 144 (Sept., 1898). Geneva. 
