153 
Ions of Bordeaux mixture, and thoroly stir. If arsenate of lead is 
used in place of the Paris green, about four or five times as much 
will be required. 
Altho the separate solutions of the copper sulphate and of the 
lime are stable, they are not so when combined, and therefore only 
the quantity to be used at the time should be made up. 
Kerosene Emulsion 
Stock Solution (66 percent kerosene) 
Soap* y2 pound 
Kerosene 2 gallons 
Water i gallon 
If hard soap is used, cut it into fine shavings and dissolve in boil- 
ing water, after which remove from the fire and immediately add 
the kerosene and thoroly mix. This may be done most easily by 
churning for about ten minutes with a force-pump, the nozzle being 
turned back into the liquid ; or, in the absence of a pump, the liquid 
may be turned from one bucket to another for fully ten minutes, 
holding the bucket high so as to give force to the falling liquid. 
When thoroly emulsified it will have the consistency of thick cream, 
and the oil will not separate out. There is great danger of injuring 
the plants if the mixture is not well and thoroly made. 
For spraying vegetation the stock solution should be diluted to 
the desired strength. For a five percent emulsion add ;^/ gallons of 
water to 39 gallons of the stock solution; for a 10 percent emulsion 
add 17 gallons of water to the same; and for fifteen percent emul- 
sion add loj/ gallons. 
It is desirable to use soft water both for the stock and as a dilu- 
ent, but if this is not obtainable the water should be softened by add- 
ing lye or sal-soda. 
The emulsion should be applied to plants with a spray-pump, and 
in a fine mistlike spray. For most insects a ten percent emulsion is 
strong enough. 
Whale-oil Soap Solution 
Whale-oil soap is an effective insecticide for plant-lice and other 
soft-bodied insects. For use. dissolve one pound of the soap in six 
to eight gallons of hot water. 
Carbolic Acid Emulsion 
Carbolic acid emulsion is a contact insecticide, and also acts as a 
repellent, being chiefly used for the treatment of root-infesting in- 
sects. 
*Either hard or soft soap may be used. Whale-oil soap and "Tak-a-nap" 
soap have given excellent results. 
