580 SCOLOPACID^. 



in Lapland, it conceals itself in the extensive and grassy mo- 

 rasses, is seldom seen on the wing, and is not flushed Avithout 

 some difficulty, flying only a few yards, but generally getting 

 up out of shot. At Killingsuvanda, Gellivara, and Juckasi- 

 ervi, they were common. They migrate south; the old birds 

 by the end of July, and the young in August. After the 

 15th of August almost all the waders disappear from Lapland. 

 They are very fat during the summer. They are known to 

 go as far north as Iceland ; they also visit Russia, Siberia, 

 and the countries to the southward. In France, Provence, 

 Switzerland, and Italy, these birds are only seen during their 

 spring and autumn migration ; a pair occasionally remaining 

 to breed in Switzerland, as mentioned by Professor Schinz 

 in his Fauna Helvetica, published in 1837. My friend 

 Dr. Calvert gave me a Reeve that was shot at Malta in 

 the commencement of spring. The Zoological Society have 

 received specimens, sent by Sir Thomas Reade, from Tunis, 

 and others sent by Keith Abbott, Esq. from Trebizond. 

 M. Menetries found this species in the countries about the 

 Caucasus. 



The RufF, in his breeding plumage, from which the en- 

 graved figure was taken, has the beak one inch and a half in 

 length, and brown ; the irides dusky brown ; the head, the 

 whole of the ruff, or tippet, and the shoulders, of a shining 

 purple black, transversely barred with chestnut ; scapulars, 

 back, lesser wing-coverts, and some of the tertials, pale chest- 

 nut, speckled and tipped with black ; greater wing-coverts 

 nearly uniform ash-brown ; quill-feathers brownish black, with 

 white shafts ; rump, and upper tail-coverts, white ; tail-fea- 

 thers ash-brown, varied with chestnut and black ; the feathers 

 of the breast, below the rulF, and on the sides, chestnut, 

 tipped with black ; belly, vent, and under tail-coverts white, 

 with an occasional spot of dark brown ; legs and toes, pale 

 yellow brown ; claws, black. 



