On the Gulf Stream and contiguous currents. 349 
A. laticostatus occurs in the ferruginous sandstone, so common in 
Ulster County, in the State of New York; and the A. Trimblii is 
mineralized in the yellow slate, which probably forms one of the 
layers of the olive slate stratum, so abundant in Huntingdon County, 
Pennsylvania. Dr. James Tree has presented me with some 
very fine fragments of the Calymene Bufo, found by him in this lo- 
cality. The reticulated structure of the oculiferous protuberances 
in some of them, appear as perfect, porkape; as if the animal were 
in a living state. 
Arr. XIX.—Remarks on the supposed connexion of the Gulf 
Stream with opposite currents, on the coast of the United States; 
by Wixxiam C. Reprretp, Corresponding Member of ed U.S. 
Naval Lyceum. 
From the Naval Magazine. 
Ir appears from numerous observations which are recorded in the 
American Coast Pilot, that immediately contiguous to the borders of 
the Gulf Stream on the North American coast, a moderate current 
is generally found setting to the southward and westward, or in the 
direction which is opposite to the stream, and parallel to the general 
line of coast. By a natural and familiar association, this current is 
generally styled an eddy current; but we shall probably find, on 
more particular inquiry, that it has little or no claim to this charac- 
ter. An eddy, as is well known, is usually caused by some fixed 
obstacle opposed to a stream, and is strictly local, and nearly circu- 
lar in its action. Moreover, it derives its waters directly from the 
parent stream, and necessarily partakes of the same temperature. 
For the following reasons, therefore, I must. dissent from the views 
of those who refer this counter-current to the eddying action of the 
Galf Stream. 
1. Because this current, in open sea, no where assumes the form 
of an eddy, but, when unobstructed by violent winds, maintains its 
course towards the southwest, on a line which is parallel to the gen- 
eral direction of the coast. 
2. Because, on the outward edge of the Gulf Stream at least, 
there are no obstacles presented which could divert the progress of 
that portion of the stream, and circumscribe the same in eddies. 
3. Because, if this current were derived from the Gulf Stream, it 
must necessarily partake of its temperature ; but the sudden reduc- 
