182 PITTONIA. 
42. TANACETUM VULGARE, Besler, Hortus Eystettensis, 
Vern. Ord. 5. t. 5 f. 3 (1613). 
43. TRIFOLIUM FRAGIFERUM, hay, Catalogus, 166 (1660). 
44. TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE, Bock, Stirpium Historia, 586 
(1552). 
45. URTICA ures, Ray, Index Plantarum Agri Cantabri- 
giensis, 16 (1660). l 
46. VERBASCUM NIGRUM, Bock, Stirpium Historia, 218 
(1552). 
47. VIOLA CANINA, Tabernæmontanus, Eicones Plantarum, 
304 (1590). 
48. VIOLA TRICOLOR, Dodoens, Stirpium Historiæ Pemp- 
tades, 158 (1583). 
Two names in this list, it will be seen, are of Ray’s own 
authorship; that is to say, he has here in his catalogue cut 
them down from the several-worded phrase to the binary 
name. The remaining forty-six he has taken up from other 
authors, whose name, in each case, he is careful to indicate 
by the proper abbreviation appended to the plant name; but 
he has not been eareful to give the real earliest author of such 
name, in every instance. I have myself laboriously pursued 
each of them, to what I believe to be its original souree and 
author; at the same time using the facilities before me for 
determining that the species thus designated by old authors 
are the same to which Linnzus re-applied the names. And 
this identification, let me remark, is seldom difficult or doubt- 
ful; for almost every species of plant that has been known 
for three or four centuries will be found very well figured in 
one or another, often in many, of the great folios and quartos 
of pre-Linnzan botany. 
In pursuing this little study of Ray's Catalogue, I have 
found a few Linnwan names which are left out of the above 
