70 PITTONIA. 
than that of cedar, of which the upper half is usually made. - 
fish are charmed by it there is no accounting for musical | 
tastes. 
ALNUS RUBRA (Mountain Alder, Red Alder). This may . 
be said to be the only deciduous tree to be found in south 
eastern Alaska, and on creek bottoms it sometimes attains the 
diameter of one foot. It is the wood used by the whites for - 
smoking salmon and halibut, but not by the natives, who 
prefer decayed wood of the conifers for this purpose. When | 
straight-grained and free from knots I have sometimes seen | 
them use it to make paddles. Itcan be found on the moun- — 
tains up to snow-line, but its favorite habitat is the site of - 
land and rock slides so common in this region, where it soon 
takes possession to the complete exclusion of the conifers 
which previously reigned supreme. In this kind of situation | 
itis of uniform size and sometimes in thickets of such density 
as to be almost impenetrable. 
ALNUS INCANA Var. VIRESCENS (Swamp Alder, Beach Alder) 
is very abundant on the seashore and the wet creek banks, - 
and is sometimes found on the lower ends of landslides if 
they are sufficiently moist. On the beach I have frequently 
seen the roots submerged at new moon high tide without the | 
tree receiving the least apparent injury. 
MALUS RIVULARIS (Crab-apple) is quite plentiful along the © 
shores, but I have never found it any distance from the coast. - 
On bays or hillsides with southwestern exposures the frui 
