ACAULESCENT VIOLETS. 145 
an inch or more, the later ones thrice as large, cordate-reni- 
form to cordate-ovate, crenate-serrate, on petioles of 3 to 5 
inches: peduncles very slender like the petioles, from shorter 
than the leaves to somewhat exceeding them: sepals oblong, 
obtuse, 3-nerved, scarious-margined : petals deep violet, but 
white at the base and with veins of dark violet, and more or 
less villous: apetalous summer flowers on slender ascending 
short peduncles: seeds rather large, exactly obovate. 
In dry thickets of scrubby willows and Potentilla fruticosa, 
the valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado, 29 
Aug, 1896. Plant with much the aspect of V. villosa, but 
the leaves relatively broader and quite reniform; not inti- 
mately related to that species, and apparently very distinct 
from all forms of the cucullata group. 
V. coeNATA. Glabrous; leaves herbaceous and slightly 
fleshy, the lower occasionally subreniform, more usually 
round-cordate and very obtuse, 4 to ? inch broad, on petioles 
of 2 inches, the later cordate, cucullate when young or per- 
haps permanently so, all crenate and obtuse or obtusish: 
peduncles very slender, 2 to 4 inches long, and equaling or 
surpassing the leaves: corollas large, light blue, all the petals 
villous at base, the three lower very strongly so: peduncles 
of later apetalous flowers filiform, erect or ascending, the 
mature fruits from these not known. 
Common in wet meadows of the northern Rocky Moun- 
tain region and westward; embracing much if not all of the 
so-called V. cucullata and obliqua of far-western subalpine 
districts. I name it in allusion to its manifest affinity for 
the common large wet-meadow violet of the East, which, in 
this paper, I half-heartedly denominate V. cucullata. It may 
be either the parent or the offspring of that; but it is at least 
a good geographic and climatic subspecies, well enough 
marked by its small size, very slender rootstock, smaller 
leaves of broader and more rounded general outline, and by 
its very villous petals. In its late summer development I 
do not yet know it. 
