Notice and Review of the Religquiae Diluvianae. 167 
see not how even these were to be obtained in the frozen 
regions of Siberia, which at present produce little more 
than moss and lichens, which, during a great part of the 
year, are buried under impenetrable ice and snow; yet it 
is in these regions of extreme cold, on the utmost verge of 
the now habitable world, that the bones of elephants are 
found occasionally crowded in heaps along the shores of 
the icy sea, from Archangel to Behring’s Straits, forming 
whole islands composed of bones and mad, at the mouth 
e Lena, and encased in icebergs, from which they 
are melted out by the solar heat of their short summer, 
along the coast of Tungusia, in sufficient numbers to form 
an important article of commerce.”—pp. 44, 45, 46. 
The chronological inferences deducible from the phe- 
nomena of the Kirkdale cavern, are briefly these : Ist. 
there was a period, apparently of no great length, during 
which this cavern existed in its present state, but was not 
- inhabited by hyenas. During this period the stalagmite 
that covers a part of the floor beneath the mud, was de- 
posited, which contains no bones. The second period 
was that in which the cave was inhabited by hyznas, and 
the stalactite and stalagmite ‘were still forming. Accord- 
ingly, the bones are found imbedded in the stalagmite of 
this period, forming an osseous breccia. It might be ex- 
pected, that the ingress and egress of these animals, im so 
Ow a cave, would strike off from the roof portions of the 
stalactites; and Mr. Buckland found among the breccia, 
stalactitic tubes, evidently thus broken from the roof. 
While this stalagmite containing the bones was forming, no 
mud was introduced; since itis entirely wanting in the 
breccia. The third period is that in which the mud was 
introduced, and the animals extirpated; viz. the period of 
the deluge. It must all have been. deposited by a single 
